In a gray scale image the pixel value ranges from 0 to 255. But when we use pixel-value differencing (pvd) method as image steganographic scheme, the pixel values in the stego-image may exceed gray scale range. An adaptive steganography based on modified pixel-value differencing through management of pixel values within the range of gray scale has been proposed in this paper. PVD method is used...

The message is the composition of some character. Every character of the message can be represented as an ASCII value, which is either even or odd. Depending on this evenness or oddness, the character is encrypted differently. This paper describes how such an even-odd encryption based on ASCII value is applied and how encrypted message converting by using Gray code and embedding with picture ca...

The goals of this research were to estimate the phenotypic relationship among various breat meat quality traits, blood parameters and tonic immobility from a broiler and to describe the relation among these variables. Broiler chicks were devided into different groups: (1) colour clothing groups represented four different colours as red, blue, green, and gray and (2) the chicks that were subject...

We have developed a visual system which adapts for varying illumination. The system has three features. First, the intenaity of the image is kept constant by automatically adjusting the iris value which i s a camera parameter. Semnd, t.lw gray levels of itn image portion or the user's interest are averaged on the assumptiorl illat localized illumination changes uniformly, and the difference bet...

One of the most recent techniques employed to estimate an optimal threshold of a gray level image for segmentation is ultrafuzzy measures. In this paper, we introduce relative fuzzy membership degree (RFMD) taking spatial correlation among the pixels in the image into account. We also propose a novel thresholding technique by combining two-dimensional histogram, which was determined by using th...

OBJECTIVE To calculate the pattern deviation for identifying abnormal points of pupil perimetry, and also to evaluate the grayscale display for distinguishing glaucomatous pupil field loss (abnormal test points) from normal pupil field (normal test points). METHODS Fourteen patients ranging in age from 51 to 80 years, who had normal-tension glaucoma (6 eyes) and primary open-angle glaucoma (8...

The gray values accuracy of dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is affected by dental metal prostheses. The distortion of dental CBCT gray values could lead to inaccuracies of orthodontic and implant treatment. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of scanning parameters and dental metal prostheses on the accuracy of dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) gray values usi...

Linear time-invariant (LTI) filter is the most common method to the edge detection. On the condition of first-order filter, an edge is considered as an abrupt variation in gray level between two neighbor pixels. Then the aim is to find out the points in the image which the first-order derivative of the gray level is of high magnitude. The root mean square value (RMS) is often used as the thresh...

The P300 is a known ERP component assessing stimulus value, including the value of a monetary reward. In parallel, the incentive value of reinforcers relies on the PFC, a major cortical projection region of the mesocortical reward pathway. Here we show a significant positive correlation between P300 response to money (vs. no money) with PFC gray matter volume in the OFC, ACC, and dorsolateral a...