climate change represents the major challenge to sudan agricultural production, economics and food security. changes in temperature, rainfalls, water availability, increased outbreak of pest and diseases, land degradation, soil erosion, shrinking of grazing and cultivate areas, ongoing desertification and the other aspects of climate change have direct significant impact on agricultural product...

The annual carbon (C) budget of grasslands is highly dynamic, dependent on grazing history and on effects of interannual variability (IAV) in climate on carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. Variability in climatic drivers may directly affect fluxes, but also may indirectly affect fluxes by altering the response of the biota to the environment, an effect termed ‘functional change’. We measured net ecosy...

Human communities in the Intermountain West depend heavily on subalpine rangelands because of their importance in providing water for irrigation and forage for wildlife and livestock. In addition, many constituencies are looking to managed ecosystems to sequester carbon in plant biomass and soil C to reduce the impact of anthropogenic CO2 on climate. This work builds on a 90-year-old grazing ex...

The effects of climate change on future water availability and water quality are not well understood, making the development of watershed management plans difficult for decision-makers. Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) are commonly implemented to mitigate non-point source (NPS) pollution, but future effectiveness is unknown due to climate change. To address these problems, the foll...

The recent IPCC Fourth Assessment report concluded that Australia has significant vulnerability to the changes in temperature and rainfall projected under climate change (Hennessy et al. 2007). Agriculture and natural resources were two of the key sectors identified as likely to be affected strongly. Extensive grazing is by far the most widespread agricultural land use in Australia. Most of the...

The Tibetan grassland social-ecological systems are widely held to be highly vulnerable to climate change. We aim to investigate livelihood adaptation strategies of herder households and the types of local institutions that shaped those adaptation strategies. We examined the barriers and opportunities for strengthening adaptive capacity of local herder communities. We designed and implemented a...

The indirect effects of climate driven changes in animal performance result mainly from alterations in the nutritional environment. Research suggests that changes in climate would affect the quality and quantity of forage produced (5, 41). The impact of climate change on pastures and rangelands may include deterioration of pasture quality towards poorer quality subtropical C4 grasses in tempera...

Predicting species distributions with changing climate has often relied on climatic variables, but increasingly there is recognition that disturbance regimes should also be included in distribution models. We examined how changes in rainfall and disturbances along climatic gradients determined demographic patterns in a widespread and long-lived tree species, Callitris glaucophylla in SE Austral...

Climate change is known as one of the most important environmental challenges. Sequestration of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems is a low-cost option that may be available in the near-term to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, while providing additional benefits. In this study, we estimated the effects of planting density and grazing intensity on the potential of Atriplex canes...