In this paper we present a systematic study of abductive consequence relations. We show that a monotone abductive consequence relation satisses the properties of a cumulative monotonic system as deened by Kraus, Lehmann and Magidor when the disjunction of all abductive explanations is the explanation used to justify the observations. We also show that, in general, for this class of abductive co...

The acquisition of definite articles has often been related to the acquisition of functional categories (see e.g. Radford, 1990; Clahsen, 1996; Penner & Weissenborn, 1996), since definite articles belong to the functional category (FC) D. Under this view, a problem that remains unsolved is why children pass through a stage in which they produce some definite articles, while at the same time the...

Physics as part of natural science and philosophy explicitly or implicitly uses logic, and from this point of view all cultures that studied nature [e.g. 1-4] must have had logic. But the question of the origins of logic as a formal discipline is of special interest to the historian of physics since it represents a turning inward to examine the very nature of reasoning and the relationship betw...

Locke, Berkeley, Gentzen gave different justifications of universal generalization. In particular, Gentzen’s justification is the one currently used in most logic textbooks. In this paper I argue that all such justifications are problematic, and propose an alternative justification which is related to the approach to generality of Greek mathematics.

about 11 centuries after its emergence, aristotle's organon was translated into arabic; and, based on such translations, scholars such as farabi and ibn sina created logical works in the islamic world. because of these works, logic emerged and flourished among muslims. through analysis and evaluation of the first translations of organon, we may get familiar with, on the one hand, attention...

This paper explores the relative contributions made by orthography, syllabic segment, and lexical tone in the word recognition and retrieval process. It also challenges recent assumptions regarding the role of orthography and tones in mental lexicon architecture. Using an implicit priming paradigm, a word recognition experiment was conducted with native speakers of two tonal languages, Chinese ...

Related languages, like English and Spanish, often have similar orthographies but use the same letters to represent different sounds. Learning a second language frequently involves learning additional letter-sound mappings that mismatch those in the native language. In the current study, we investigated whether L2 spoken words activate L2 orthography despite conflict with L1 orthography-to-phon...