Last year’s adoption of the Renewables Directive has provided an important stimulus for EU Member State governments to increase their renewable energy policy efforts, stipulating indicative targets for the consumption of renewable electricity in each of the Member States. This paper uses the recent experiences in the Dutch green certificate market to illustrate the possible interactions between...

The main conclusions with regard to the design of Tradable Green Certificate (TGCs) systems for the penetration of renewable energy are as follows. Any design of a national promotion system based on TGCs should: • Provide substantial pressure to actors in the market without making it impossible to reach their goals. • Provide sufficient security for investors; provide a stable and predictable g...

For about 35 years, governments in many countries all over the world have been attempting to foster the development and diffusion of renewable energy technologies (RETs), especially for electricity generation purposes. Support systems have changed over time, from the R&D centred policies of the mid-1970s to more market oriented measures adopted in many countries in the 1990s and 2000s. One exam...

Several EU member states have introduced national systems of Tradable Green Certificates (TGCs), which stipulate the percentage total energy consumption to be obtained from renewable sources. The Renewable Energy Directive sets a binding EU-wide target 32% but without imposing legally targets. To assess incentives for choice requirements we develop two-country, Cournot duopoly model electricity...

The introduction of the new round electricity reform policies has made sales companies’ trading environment increasingly complex. In medium- and long-term market spot market, following policy-oriented optimization decisions is focus companies. main objective this study to consider impact latest China’s current on each subject propose a method for companies make optimal renewable energy source (...

We consider a regulator who seeks to achieve specific target path of greenhouse gas emission reductions in the electricity sector. Generation stems from two sources: renewable (green) and fossil (black) sources, which cause emissions. construct dynamic model explore suitability tradable green certificate (TGC) scheme for solving this problem. Further, we study resulting incentives construction ...

Decoupling the environmental attributes of renewable energy (RE) generation from the physical unit of energy is an innovative mechanism for marketing green or renewable power. The introduction of ‘Tradable Renewable Energy Credits’ (TRECs) allows the green power attributes to be sold or traded separately from the physical unit of energy. Since the green power certificate system removes potentia...

This paper studies a new renewable energy investment model through crowdfunding, which is motivated by emerging community solar farms. In this paper we develop a sequential game theory model to capture the interactions among crowdfunders, the solar farm owner, and an electricity company who purchases renewable energy generated by the solar farm in a multi-period framework. By characterizing a u...