Incentives and Group Identity This paper investigates in a principal-agent environment whether and how group membership influences the effectiveness of incentives and when incentives can have “hidden costs”, i.e., a detrimental effect. We show experimentally that in all interactions control mechanisms can have hidden costs for reasons specific to group membership. In within-group interactions c...

background: attempts for early detection of gastric cancer have recently focused on host's genetic susceptibility factors and gene-environment interactions. we have, herein, studied the association of mthfr c677t single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) and its interaction with helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, age and gender on the risk of gastric cancer among an iranian population. met...

This article discusses the social identity approach (social theory and self-categorization theory) for understanding children’s ingroup biases in attitudes behaviors. It is argued that developmental research on bias will be enhanced by more fully considering implications of this approach. These include (a) conceptualization group identity, (b) importance reality epistemic motivation, (c) role p...

I argue that different argumentative practices require participants to categorize themselves in modes. Accordingly, distinguish four types of argumentation: rational argumentation, intergroup intragroup and, finally, personal argumentation. An inescapable implication my approach deliberation is presupposes the self-categorization same ingroup. Deliberation does not require, however, group antec...