Growers need reliable information on costs and returns they can expect for a cider apple ( Malus × domestica ) orchard suitable mechanization because specialty apples only be used making cider, are expected to lower than fresh table apples. This study estimates the costs, returns, net profit that growers may realize by planting in either freestanding or tall spindle system use mechanical harves...

In today’s global electronics industry, innovation is carried out by various value chain participants, including brand-name manufacturers (sometimes called lead firms), contract manufacturers and component suppliers, but there is little understanding of who benefits most from innovation in such networks. This research examines empirically the relationship of R&D spending and location in the val...

the human population has been growing at least at the rate of 1.2% annually since 1960 reachingup to 6.4b in 2002 and more than 7.0b in 2012. in davao city, the annual population growth rate is running at 3.22%in year 1990, at 2.41% last 2007 and recently in 2013 at 2.36%. the alarming problem we confront today is thatthe increase in land area for human use does not expand in proportion to popu...

This article aims to evaluate the effect of insurance on production, technical efficiency, and input use Italian specialised-quality grape growers. A panel instrumental variable stochastic frontier approach is applied over years 2008–2017 using data from Farm Accountancy Data Network. The results show requirement correct for endogeneity that stems adoption. Insurance has an enhancing production...

the main aim in this research has been to determining the growth regime in iran based on an open economy concerning the bhaduri and marglin(1990) model.  this model which has been widely used in post keynesian economics is a kaleckian-post keynesian macroeconomic model which is based on effective demand. bhaduri and marglin(1990) concerning wage as a cost item as well as a component of aggregat...

The human population has been growing at least at the rate of 1.2% annually since 1960 reachingup to 6.4B in 2002 and more than 7.0B in 2012. In Davao City, the annual population growth rate is running at 3.22%in year 1990, at 2.41% last 2007 and recently in 2013 at 2.36%. The alarming problem we confront today is thatthe increase in land area for human use does not expand in proportion to popu...

The need to continuously multiply new improved seeds for onward delivery to the farmers, with the sole aim of attaining food self-suffi ciency, necessitates this study. Data were collected from 17 maize and soybean out growers randomly selected from a list of out growers provided by the seed manager, using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using percentages and gross margin analy...

An Expert System is a system that employs human knowledge captured in a computer to solve problems that ordinarily require human expertise. In agriculture, expert systems unite the accumulated expertise of individual disciplines, such as plant pathology, entomology, horticulture and agricultural meteorology and Animal Sciences; into a framework that best addresses the specific, on-site needs of...

Credit risk estimation is a key determinant for the success of financial institutions. The aim of this paper is presenting a new hybrid model for estimating the probability of default of corporate customers in a commercial bank. This hybrid model is developed as a combination of Logit model and Neural Network to benefit from the advantages of both linear and non-linear models. For model verific...

Native managed bees can improve crop pollination, but a general framework for evaluating the associated economic costs and benefits has not been developed. We conducted a cost-benefit analysis to assess how managing blue orchard bees (Osmia lignaria Say [Hymenoptera: Megachildae]) alongside honey bees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) can affect profits for almond growers in Calif...