– Met criteria for one of the following NMIBC treatment groups: • Group 1: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-naïve, treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) ± intravesical chemotherapy • Group 2: Had current or previous BCG treatment but were refractory or resistant to treatment • Group 3: Were BCG refractory or relapsing and next treatment option would be cystectomy (but were...

Proper induction of Th1 immunity is required for effective immunotherapy of bladder cancer with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) downregulates the Th1 immune response and is associated with BCG therapy failure. We evaluated BCG plus IL-10 blocking antibodies and found that this combination therapy induces enhanced Th1 immune responses and anti-bladder cancer immunity i...

Optimal management of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer during the current bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) shortage is challenging. Although no evidence-based guidelines exist for this specific situation, current management options can be adapted for when BCG supplies are limited or when BCG is unavailable.

In the last 10 yrs, work with experimental laboratory models has developed many new vaccine candidates against tuberculosis (TB). They include subunit vaccines, modified bacilli Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Phase I clinical trials of new TB vaccine candidates have begun for the first time after 80 yrs of use of BCG. Many of these new trials involve recombinan...

Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is used as an adjuvant treatment bladder cancer. Systemic BCG infection occurs in less than 1% cases, and pulmonary involvement even rarer (0.3% – 0.7%), with a favourable prognosis. A 78-year-old male developed miliary tuberculosis (TB) secondary to intravesical subsequent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) superinfection that led pa...

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common urological malignancy, and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy the gold standard treatment in intermediate high-risk groups. However, BCG failure occurs significant proportion of patients, emphasizing need for effective alternative modalities to address this burden. These treatments include immunotherapy, enhanced drug delivery, targeted...

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) osteomyelitis is a very rare complication of BCG vaccination. We report a 14-month-old boy who received BCG vaccination at birth. He developed pain and swelling in his left calf at 11 months of age. BCG osteomyelitis was diagnosed in right femur and left tibia. He had no evidence of immunodeficiency. After antituberculous therapy and surgical treatment, the bone le...

Summary The ‘BCG hypothesis' suggests that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis limits severity of COVID-19. We exploit differential vaccination practices East Germany and West prior to reunification test this hypothesis. Using a difference in regression discontinuities (RD-DD) design centred on end universal West, we find differences COVID-19 across cohorts are insig...

This study investigates the effect of aluminum nanoparticles (AL NPs) on vaccines (e.g., poliomyelitis and bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccines). Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine extent its blood composition using an in vivo samples obtained from rabbits injected with poliomyelitic virus BCG across a period four weeks. The oxidation current peaks in rabbit were enhanced increas...

BACKGROUND Whether the commonly used bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strains Connaught and Tice confer different treatment responses in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To compare clinical efficacy, immunogenicity, and genetics of BCG Connaught and Tice. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective randomized single-institution trial with treatment of 142 ...