pH and fermentable substrates impose selective pressures on gut microbial communities and their metabolisms. We evaluated the relative contributions of pH, alkalinity, and substrate on microbial community structure, metabolism, and functional interactions using triplicate batch cultures started from fecal slurry and incubated with an initial pH of 6.0, 6.5, or 6.9 and 10 mM glucose, fructose, o...

in order to determine the vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the endemic focus of fars province in southern iran, collection and dissection of sand- flies were carried out in the town of ghjr in firooz - abad district. a total of 270 sand- flies were dissected. they consisted of ph. alexandri, ph. sergenti ph. papatasi and ph. major. five out of 150 ph. major was found infected with promastigo...

Feeding states may affect the performance of colonic prodrugs. The aim is to investigate the influence of feeding regimen in Wistar rats on: (i) distribution and pH contents along the gut and (ii) metabolism of two colonic prodrugs, diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin and a commercially available control, sulfasalazine, within the caecal and colonic contents. Male Wistar rats were subject to four differe...

We examined the pH and Eh of the digestive tract of 23 species of mixed-grass prairie grasshoppers, and asked whether these traits were associated with the species breadth and forb composition of their diets. We report that the gut lumen of all grasshoppers was oxidizing and ranged from slightly acid to neutral depending on the gut region and species. Although gut physicochemical conditions dif...

Decreasing the bioavailability of serotonin (5-HT) by inhibiting its biosynthesis may represent a useful adjunctive treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We assessed this hypothesis using LP533401, which inhibits the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) expressed in the gut and lung, without inhibiting Tph2 expressed in neurons. Mice treated repeatedly with LP533401 (30-250 ...

The gut of the adult soft ticks Ornithodoros moubata displays high lytic activity against the bacteria Micrococcus luteus. The activity differed in the range of two orders of magnitude among individual animals and increased on average 4 fold during the first week following ingestion. In homogenates of first instar nymphs the activity was much lower increasing exponentially as nymphs neared the ...

Two bacterial strains Lactobacillus fructivorans (AS17B), isolated from adult seabream (Sparus aurata L.) gut, and Lactobacillus plantarum (906), isolated from human faeces, were administered contemporaneously during seabream development using Brachionus plicatilis and/or Artemia salina and dry feed as vectors. Experimental group A received the probiotic strains already via rotifers from day 5 ...

Historically, Bifidobacterium species were reported as abundant in the breastfed infant gut. However, recent studies in resource-rich countries show an increased abundance of taxa regarded as signatures of dysbiosis. It is unclear whether these differences are the product of genetics, geographic factors, or interventions such as formula feeding, antibiotics, and caesarean section. Fecal pH is s...

Having documented that proestrus female rats are more resistant to shock-induced acute gut and hence lung injury than male rats, we tested the hypothesis that the female gut is more resistant to injury and produces less of an inflammatory response than the male gut when exposed to conditions associated with shock states (hypoxia and acidosis) utilizing the ex vivo Ussing chamber system. Ileal m...

Hypoperfusion to the gut during cardiac arrest is an important clinical problem. The inability to control pH during metabolic stress, e.g. ischemia, leads to the disruption or halting of processes vital to balancing cellular metabolism. Alterations in cellular pH have been linked to changes in intramucosal permeability, which may result in the leakage of inflammatory mediators or bacteria, or b...