research about satan is always very important for scholars. in this respect, muslim mystics with the paraphrastic approaches, intuitional interpretations and introspectional knowledge, with mystical expressions, have an unrivaled position. some muslim mystics, especially the followers of sokr doctrine are justifying disobedience of satan (in prostrate to adam) with determinism (algebra) and the...

c Preface This study reviews policies that have been adopted and action taken with a view to decentralization in the various countries of the region. It addresses the issue at two levels: national or macro level and urban or micro level. At the national level, the paper reviews the policies adopted by different countries in the region which address administrative, political and fiscal decentral...

salah abdul saboor as a pioneer of arabic poetry is one of the greatest contemporary poets of egypt. this paper is about his famous play named ”hallaj’s tragedy”. this play tries to unveil social and political dimensions of hallaj’s life and the age he lived in order to compare it with abdul saboor’s life and age. we can call this play “tragedy of abdul saboor”. abdul saboor in this play discus...