In recent times, there has been an increased outbreak of conflicts across the globe, particularly in areas experiencing livelihood fragility. Available literature suggests that in a society where livelihoods are threatened, minimal, or non-existent, the people are generally more overwhelmed and prone to violence and conflict. This paper consolidates the available literature on livelihoods and c...

in this essay, through pondering into meaing of a line of verse versified by khaghani shervani and surveying and criticism on the points which have been purposed about its intrerpretation and description since of yore, we have tried to explain about term “myan khane” (literally world field) within the poem of this leading versifier (6th hegira cen./ 13th ad cen.). it seems such interpretation f...

Background This research examines the relationship between violent conflict and childhood wasting in Northeast Nigeria, where residents have been subjected to fighting between the Nigerian government and Boko Haram - an extremist Islamist movement - since 2009. Methods Using two Demographic and Health Surveys from before and after the Boko Haram insurgency started, a double-difference (differ...

in recent years, space syntax theory has been used for analyzing spatial configurations; these analyses mostly focus on social aspects. according to the space syntax theory, space arrangements affect the space usage in buildings. this paper aims at studying spatial configurations of some traditional houses in iran in terms of flexibility factor. besides of having the housing function and provid...

1 The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al -Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. 2 Air pollution Department, Nat ional Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Mob.: 00201151143456 ; ORCID: 0000-0002-2930-0168 Abstract The current study aimed to: i) Monitor levels of PM10, at Shebika, Haram, Masfala, Azizia, Awa...