What is the electronic conductance of a junction containing a single molecule attached at each end to metal electrodes? This simplest of questions in molecular electronics has proved surprisingly difficult to answer. In a 2003 review of the field, Salomon et al. showed that for one simple molecule, 1,8-octanedithiol attached to gold electrodes, the reported experimental values of low-bias condu...

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of cancer from inhalation of mineral acid mists. METHODS A cohort study and nested case-control study of upper aerodigestive tumours were carried out in men employed since 1950 at two battery plants and two steel works in Britain. The cohort was identified from personnel records and included 2678 men with definite exposure to acid mists (mainly sulphuric acid), 36...

Instead of the definitions for total dust and fine dust which were used in the past, from 1996 the new internationally agreed conventions for measuring concentrations of particles (DIN EN 481, 1993) are to be used in the establishment of MAK values. Therefore the definitions of particle fractions and the methods of measuring them have been modified in line with this convention and also extended...

Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid are known to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans that indicate a causal relationship between exposure to strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid and human cancer. Occupational exposures to strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid are specifically associated with ...

1.1 Manufacturing processes Major industries with exposure to strong inorganic acid mists include those that manufacture phosphate fertilizer, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol), synthetic ethanol (ethyl alcohol), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and lead batteries. Exposure also occurs during copper smelting, and pickling and other acid treatment of metals (Suresh, 2009). Minor uses of sulfuric acid i...

INTRODUCTION Metalworking fluids (MWFs), which are widely used in metal working operations, can cause different adverse effects, e.g., dermal and respiratory disorders, and cancer. Evaluating workers' exposure to MWF mists and the effective factors in their dispersion were the purpose of this study. MATERIALS AND METHOD Seventy-five out of 300 workers working in metalworking workshops were ra...