A pseudowire (PW) can be used to carry Point to Point Protocol (PPP) or High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) Protocol Data Units over a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network without terminating the PPP/HDLC protocol. This enables service providers to offer "emulated" HDLC, or PPP link services over existing MPLS networks. This document specifies the encapsulation of PPP/HDLC Packet Data U...

Coronary artery disease is the epidemic of modern civilization in which dyslipidemia contributes significantly to its pathogenesis. We studied the significance of three important lipid ratios i.e. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) {(logTG)/HDLc}, Castelli’s Risk Index I & II (TC/HDLc and LDLc/HDLc respectively) and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) {(Non-HDLc)/HDLc} in predicting the risk of CAD. A ...

Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), and the correlation between the plasma non-high density cholesterol (non-HDLC) levels and ICAS, especially asymptomatic ICAS (AICAS) is not clear. The Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community(APAC) study is a community-based, prospective, long-term follow-up observational...

In a cross-sectional study of an Afrikaner community (n = 2,722 men and n = 3,173 women aged 25-64 years), family history of coronary heart disease (CHD) was associated with an adverse risk factor profile and with prevalent CHD. Men with myocardial infarction (MI) and a family history of CHD had higher total minus high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC-HDLC) levels than men with MI but no CHD...

This document describes a MAPOS extension, Node Switch Protocol, for automatic node address assignment. MAPOS is a multiple access protocol for transmission of network-protocol datagrams, encapsulated in High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) frames, over SONET/SDH. NSP automates the HDLC address configuration of each node. Using NSP, a node retrieves its HDLC address from the switch to which it i...

Cholesterol-enriched, apolipoprotein E-containing high density lipoproteins (apo E HDLc), which were isolated from the plasma of cholesterol-fed dogs by using agarose column chromatography or ultracentrifugation, possessed essentially identical biochemical and metabolic characteristics. Radioiodinated (125I) apo E HDLc isolated by either method gave identical rates of clearance from the plasma,...

BACKGROUND Statins are important in vascular disease prevention in the elderly. However, the best method of selecting older patients for treatment is uncertain. We assessed the role of plasma lipoproteins as predictors of risk and of treatment benefit in the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER). METHOD AND RESULTS The association of LDLc and HDLc with risk was exa...

Low levels of high-density cholesterol (HDLc) accompany chronic kidney disease, but the association between HDLc and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the general population is unclear. We investigated the HDLc-eGFR association in nondiabetic Han Chinese (HC, n = 1100), West Africans (WA, n = 1497), and African Americans (AA, n = 1539). There were significant differences by anc...

Background Metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by insulin resistance. Recent studies suggest that the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDLC) ratio predicts insulin resistance better than individual lipid levels, including TG, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), or HDLC. We aimed to elucidate the relat...

Circulating lipid ratios are considered predictors of cardiovascular risks and metabolic syndrome, which cause coronary heart diseases. One constitutional type of Korean medicine prone to weight accumulation, the Tae-Eum type, predisposes the consumers to metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, etc. Here, we aimed to identify genetic variants for lipid ratios using a genome-wide as...