Serogroup W135 ST-2881 meningococci caused a cluster of meningitis cases in Niger in 2003. Of 80 healthy persons in the patients' villages, 28 (35%) carried meningococci; 20 of 21 W135 carrier strains were ST-2881. Ten months later, 5 former carriers were still carriers of W135 ST-2881 strains. The serum bactericidal antibody activity changed according to carrier status.

BACKGROUND Differences in HLA allele frequencies between the diseased and healthy populations may signify efficient immune responses, a notion that has been successfully tested for infectious diseases or for association with genetic elements involved in a distinct type of immunity. This retrospective study is intended to detect differences in MHC class I carrier frequencies of advanced melanoma...

BACKGROUND While translational genomic sequencing research is increasing, few studies have been limited to healthy individuals; most have focused on patients with a disease or a strong family history of a disorder. The limited studies that have included healthy individuals have focused on the disclosure of medically actionable secondary results, rather than carrier status, to assess reproductiv...

BACKGROUND To investigate the carrier rates of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci (GAS) in various seasons of the year in the upper respiratory tract of healthy children in day-care centers. METHODS In this descriptive study, a total of 1893 throat swabs obtained from healthy children 1-6 years old in 13 day-care centers were screened for beta-hemolytic Streptococci in Ankara, Turkey, betwee...

The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in healthy dogs and further to determine genetic relatedness between carrier isolates and clinical MRSP from dogs in Norway. A total of 189 healthy dogs visiting ten veterinary clinics were screened for MRSP during the period February to April 2013. Carrier isolates were suscep...

We studied the level of ASO (anti streptolysin O) titer and throat culture for GABHS (group A beta hemolytic streptococci) in 200 normal healthy school children between 5 to 15 years of age. We noted the upper limit of normal titer of 242 IU in the healthy school children around Mysore city. Throat culture was positive for GABHS in 9% of healthy school children indicating the carrier state.

spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by the loss of α-motor neurons in the spinal cord. the survival motor neuron (smn) protein is encoded by 2 genes, smn1 and smn2. the most frequent mutation is the biallelic deletion of exon 7 of the smn1 gene. smn2 cannot compensate for the loss of smn1, due to the exclusion of exon 7. carrier frequency ...

BACKGROUND Carrier status of a structural balanced chromosome abnormality is associated with recurrent miscarriage. There is, at present, no evidence of the impact of the sequence of preceding pregnancies on the probability of carrier status. The aim of our study was therefore to examine whether the history of consecutive versus non-consecutive miscarriages in couples with two or more miscarria...