Background: Tic disturbances are a group of developmental neurological disorders that often occur in childhood because of abrupt and automatic constrictions of muscles. This study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in children with a tic disorders. Methods: This present case-control research was performed on 63 children with tic disorders and 63 children who were healthy...

background neisseria lactamica as one of the main commensal in oropharynx during the childhood is related to the induction of a natural immunity against meningococcal meningitis. also moraxella catarrhalis in oropharynx of children is a predisposing factor for otitis media infection. objectives the current study aimed to investigate the frequency of the n. lactamica, other nonpathogenic neisser...

introduction: to evaluate the reliability, validity and feasibility of the persian version of the pediatric quality of life inventory (pedsql™ 4.0tm 4.0) generic core scales in iranian healthy students ages 7-15 and chronically ill children ages 2-18. methods: we followed the translation methodology proposed by developer to validate persian version of pedsql™ 4.0tm 4.0 generic core scales for c...

abstract introduction: lifelong behavior and risk factors of chronic diseases extend from early life to adulthood. it seems that dietary habits and unhealthy food consumption, as well as passive smoking play an important role in the development of such diseases. multiple studies have shown that healthy lifestyle education in preschool children improves their knowledge, attitude and practice abo...