Heap leaching accounts for a fifth of global copper production, sourced primarily from porphyry ores, yet metal recoveries are often not optimal. Gangue, and its interaction with acid, plays an important role in such processes. Thus, a proper understanding of gangue minerals present in the ore, their textural relationships relative to particle size distribution, reactivity with acid under diffe...

Abstract. We present a new abstraction method for heap structures that is based on hyperedge replacement grammars. We use labeled hypergraphs as abstract representation of heap structures. A given hypergraph replacement grammar induces a set of concrete heap structures from a hypergraph. Our technique allows to abstract and concretize the heap partially. Thus the heap parts of high entropy can ...

Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores are key strategic resources and the main source of medium heavy earths. This paper summarizes development leaching technology ores, compares advantages disadvantages three generations technology, introduces improved heap new leaching–extraction integration enhanced leaching, focusing on weathered ores. In this paper, agents is expounded, researc...