Rheumatic involvement of all four heart valves is uncommon and its association with congenital heart disease is very rare. Tetralogy of Fallot is a frequent cyanotic congenital heart disease with a survival beyond middle age. Background of this case report described the rheumatic involvement of all four heart valves (quadrivalvar rheumatic cardiopathy) with stenotic lesions of semilunar valves ...

1. Artificial heart valves have been in use for over five decades to replace diseased heart valves. Since the first heart valve replacement performed with a caged-ball valve, more than 50 valve designs have been developed, differing principally in valve geometry, number of leaflets and material. To date, all artificial heart valves are plagued with complications associated with haemolysis, coag...

introduction cerebral haemorrhage could complicate post operative course after cardiac surgery, especially after multiple mechanical valves replacement needing for anticoagulation. the interruption of vitamin k antagonists in this cases, to avoid the enhancement of the cerebral haemorrhage, can be performed with reasonable safety. case presentation we report the case of a patient who underwent ...

PURPOSE Only mechanical and biological heart valve prostheses are currently commercially available. The former show longer durability but require anticoagulant therapy; the latter display better fluid dynamic behavior but do not have adequate durability. New Polymeric Heart Valves (PHVs) could potentially combine the hemodynamic properties of biological valves with the durability of mechanical ...