This paper estimates the returns to education and skill in India by gender, sector, religion, caste regional zone using nationally representative data provided Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2011–2012. To address issue of sample selection bias, Heckman two-step procedure is used. The findings show that drive wage earnings. However, impact skills larger than per se. Though there are inequalitie...

Currently, water, as the most limiting factor in production, determines the priority of planting in different areas of Iran. Saffron is one of the good candidates for drought conditions since it has high economic value and low water requirements that can help with sustainable development. By identifying the factors influencing the decision on saffron cultivation and its expansion, appropriate p...

In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to simultaneously describe the adoption of improved seed technology and climate risk perception capacity farmers facing production risks incomplete information about new technology. The condition is derived from assumptions upstream downstream farmer aversion, assuming that uncertainty can arise two sources: randomness climatic conditions future ret...

In this paper, we look at conventional methods for removing endogeneity bias in regression models, including the linear model and the probit model. The usual Heckman two-step procedure should not be used in the probit model: from a theoretical perspective, this procedure is unsatisfactory, and likelihood methods are superior. However, serious numerical problems occur when standard software pack...

Indonesian rice production has exhibited a positive increasing trend over the years. On other hand, retail prices tend to fluctuate, even though country imported rice. One reason for this is that not all of produced sold market or marketed surplus. The objective study analyse surplus and its determinants. farmers’ survey conducted by Statistics Indonesia in 2014 was utilised. Heckman two-step p...

In Norway, immigrants receive higher levels of social assistance than natives. How can we explain this difference? After controlling for differences in take-up rates through a two-step Heckman procedure, attempt to answer question by exploiting rich data from administrative registers. We operationalise the Norwegian context employing composite variable that includes: (a) financial assistance, (...