context since the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral regimen for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection, a significant increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported in patients already chronically infected with hepatitis b virus and then given this form of regimen for their retroviral infection. evidence acquisition this phenomenon was initially attributed...

Burden of Viral Hepatitis on Human Health Compared to better-publicized infectious diseases such as HIV or malaria, viral hepatitis is often referred to as a silent killer. • Of the five hepatitis viruses (A-E), hepatitis B, C, and D viruses cause chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. Hepatitis B, C and D viruses, transmitted through blood and body fluids, ...

Two hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis B and C viruses, are known to cause hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex, stepwise process that evolves over several to many years and precisely how hepatitis viruses contribute to malignant transformation of hepatocytes is uncertain. Hepatitis B vrus is integrated into cellular DNA in the great majority of hepatitis B virus-r...

Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most important common cancers in the world. The main etiology of this cancer in developing and third world countries is due to the infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HCV) would both cause liver cancer but the incidence of the disease in relation to the age and gender has not been determined. The ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this chapter individuals should be able to: 1 Define hepatitis and its symptomatology. 2 Distinguish between the various viruses associated with hepatitis. 3 Describe the general features of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, and hepatitis E, including the etiology, transmission, diagnosis, sequelae, and prophylaxis. 4 List and discuss th...

background: recently, some new viruses have been identified for their association with hepatitis which torque teno mini virus being among them. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of torque teno mini virus in healthy individuals and hepatitis b and c patients in isfahan, iran. materials and methods: one hundred serum samples of healthy individuals from isfahan blood transfusion...

Background: HIV infected persons are also at risk for Infection with other pathogens, like Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV). One of the main steps in the planning of treatment and prevention is the study of the HIV positive population who have HBV and/or HCV infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV and Hepatitis B and C dual infection in ...

Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Iranian children with chronic kidney disease is limited. Therefore, the present study intends to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Method: The present study is a historical cohort study which was conducted in a window period of 25 years in Children’s Medical Center in Tehran, 1991-2016. Dat...

Viral hepatitis includes five distinct disease entities, which are caused by at least five different viruses. Hepatitis A and hepatitis B (infectious and serum hepatitis, respectively) are considered separate diseases and both can be diagnosed by a specific serologic test. Hepatitis C and E comprise a third category, each a distinct type, with Hepatitis C parenterally transmitted, and hepatitis...