Recent studies show that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are vulnerable and easily fooled by small perturbations, which has raised considerable concerns for adapting GNNs in various safety-critical applications. In this work, we focus on the emerging but critical attack, namely, Injection Attack (GIA), adversary poisons graph injecting fake nodes instead of modifying existing structures or node at...

Research in social stratification has tended to view intergroup inequality in one of two ways. Work in the status-attainment tradition focuses on individual outcomes and, by implication, views the reproduction of intergroup inequality as a consequence of agents with differing endowments attaining outcomes that vary depending on the level of those endowments. More recent work has deviated from t...