The urinary excretion rate is calculated based on short-term, defined time sample collections with a known sample mass, and this measurement can be used to remove the variability in urine concentrations due to urine dilution. Adjustment to the urinary excretion rate of hippuric acid was evaluated in 31 healthy volunteers (14 males and 17 females). Urine was collected as short-term or spot sampl...

1. The urinary excretion of orally administered [(14)C]benzoic acid in man and 20 other species of animal was examined. 2. At a dose of 50mg/kg, benzoic acid was excreted by the rodents (rat, mouse, guinea pig, golden hamster, steppe lemming and gerbil), the rabbit, the cat and the capuchin monkey almost entirely as hippuric acid (95-100% of 24h excretion). 3. In man at a dose of 1mg/kg and the...

introduction: toluene is an organic solvent that it is one of the byproducts in the coke industry. exposure to toluene causes central nervous system dysfunction and others disorders. many workers are exposed to toluene due to leakage from tracks. therefore the aim of this study was to determine the levels of exposure through environmental and biological monitoring of toluene methods: air toluen...

In most laboratory mammals benzoic acid is converted into hippuric acid and benzoyl glucuronide (see Williams, 1959), except for the cat, which seems to produce only hippuric acid (Robinson & Williams, 1958, and unpublished data). Jaffe (1877) showed that benzoic acid was converted in hens into ornithuric acid, and benzoyl glucuronide has also been found to be a metabolite of benzoic acid in he...

1. METHOD FOR THE determination of hippuric acid based on the formatioll of a bromine derivative was deScrii)ed by Deniges (1). This bromine derivative has been determined in our laboratory to be Nbromobenzamide. N-bromobenzamide is the hydrolysis and bromination product of hippuric acid, being produced when hippuric acid is subjected to the Hofniann rearrangement, tile first step of which is a...

exposure to toluene can be associate with genotoxicity, neurological dysfunction, reproductive toxicity, and etc. biomonitoring of hippuric acid (ha) is used for a long time as an occupational exposure index to toluene. the aim of this study was to explore efficiency of ha as a biomarker of exposure to low level of toluene for iranian petroleum depot workers in 2011. personal monitoring to tolu...

Hippuric acid is the primary metabolite of toluene, a solvent widely used in industrial processes with considerable toxic effects, a fact which justifies regularly monitoring individuals with occupational exposure to this solvent. This work aims at evaluating urinary hippuric acid levels found in workers subject to biological monitoring. A retrospective study was carried out with data referring...

The separation of hippuric and m-methylhippuric acid as toluene and m-xylene metabolites present in urine of people exposed simultaneously to toluene and xylene is described. Chloroform was used for hippuric and m-methylhippuric acid extraction. Satisfactory separation of these metabolites was obtained on TLC plates covered with silica gels and developed in chloroform acetic acid-water (4:1:1);...

The results of industrial investigations have shown a correlation between the rate of hippuric acid excretion in a single urine sample collected after daily occupational exposure and the amount of toluene absorbed. The rate of hippuric acid excretion and the average concentration of toluene vapour during exposure time were also related. The quantitative range of the test has been limited to amo...

I describe modification of the spectrophotometric assay described by Cushman and Cheung [biochem. Pharmacol. 20, 1637 (1971)] for serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, with use of "high-pressure" liquid chromatography to measure the hippuric acid end product. After reaction of 10 microL of untreated serum with the angiotensin-converting enzyme substrate analog hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine, the ...