This paper presents both estimation and simulation as optimization problems that differ in the optimization criteria, minimization of a local expected loss for estimation and reproduction of global statistics (semivariogram, histogram) for simulation. An intermediate approach is proposed whereby an initial random image is gradually modified using simulated annealing so as to better match both l...

Histogram Equalization technique is one of the basic methods in image contrast enhancement. Using this method, in the case of images with uniform gray levels (with narrow histogram), causes loss of image detail and the natural look of the image. To overcome this problem and to have a better image contrast enhancement, a new two-step method was proposed. In the first step, the image histogram is...

Hand written Tamil Character recognition refers to the process of conversion of handwritten Tamil character into Unicode Tamil character. The scanned image is segmented into paragraphs using spatial space detection technique, paragraphs into lines using vertical histogram, lines into words using horizontal histogram, and words into character image glyphs using horizontal histogram. The extracte...

Frequency histograms are ubiquitous, being practically used in any field of science. In this paper, we present a partial order for frequency and, to our knowledge, no kind has been yet defined. This is based on the stochastic discrete probability distributions and it invariance properties that make unique. First, model histogram as sequence bins associated with (or relative frequency) distribut...

We present a technique in which statistical methods are used to estimate the tone level of the paper. This estimate is used to set the parameters for a tone reproduction curve. The technique is incremental, the statistical data is gathered during the scan. While the scan progresses, the estimate is refined based on the increased amount of data avail able from the accumulated histogram. This has...

in this paper, the performance of 11 different distances for image retrieval and classification, based on color, shape and texture, is evaluated. the precision-recall measure and the correct classification rate of the k-nn classifier are used to evaluate retrieval and classification performances, respectively. the experimental results for a database of 1000 images from 10 different semantic gro...

A simple but novel and applicable approach is proposed to solve the problem of smoothing effect of ordinary kriging estimate which is widely used in mining and earth sciences. It is based on transformation equation in which Z scores are derived from ordinary kriging estimates and then rescaled by the standard deviation of sample data and the sample mean is added to the result. It bears the grea...