In the first half of the twentieth century, developmental biology and genetics were separate disciplines. The word epigenetics was coined by Waddington to link the two fields. Epigenetics could be broadly defined as the sum of all those mechanisms necessary for the unfolding of the genetic programme for development. Several decades later specific mechanisms were proposed in which information wa...

Epilepsy has been known to the human race before writing was discovered due to its bizarre and shocking symptoms, in prehistoric times people believed that angry Gods or evil spirits caused diseases and cured the sick. In the old Indian medicine, the concept of epilepsy was refined and developed in the famous book "Charaka Samhita" (400 B.C) which provided abundant references to all aspects of ...

Except for legends and claims of miracles, most histories of transplantation cover only the last 60 years because there were no earlier successes. However, the story of even this era has been documented in such rich detail that a full account would fill several volumes. Thus, this brief summary must be limited to highly selected "landmarks." Some landmarks had an immediate impact, but the impor...