Infection caused by HIV and malnutrition have a complex interaction and often coexist geographically. Malnutrition has synergistic immune effects and HIV affects nutritional status. HIV care and treatment programs are compelled to confront this dual burden to optimize HIV outcomes. In this article, we review the published literature concerning intervention studies in adults and children and the...

background: investigation of tuberculosis (tb)-specific indices including prevalence of tb, mortality of tb cases excluding hiv, hiv/tb mortality, incidence of tb (all forms), hiv/tb incidence as well as case detection and related trends is a crucial step in evaluation of program performance and strategies success. besides, estimating the number and time of change points for tb incidence can he...

Approximately 16% of the estimated 1.1 million persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States are unaware of their infection and thus unable to benefit from effective treatment that improves health and reduces transmission risk. Since 2006, CDC has recommended that health-care providers screen for HIV all patients aged 13-64 years unless prevalence of undiagnosed HI...

Understanding the HIV care experience, if any, among persons dying from HIV are crucial for identifying gaps in HIV care and providing direction for programs to improve, but direct population-wide data on this are sparse in high-prevalence HIV epidemic settings. In this report, we consult empirical data and mathematical modelling to estimate and project the relationship of the HIV care experien...

oral health problems, among the most prevalent comorbidities related to addiction, require more attention by both clinicians and policy-makers. our aims were to review oral complications associated with drugs, oral health care in addiction rehabilitation, health services available, and barriers against oral health promotion among addicts. drug abuse is associated with serious oral health proble...

Background and aims: Burden of HIV and AIDS is considerably different among regions and countries around the world. The aim of this study was to assess the inequality in the prevalence of HIV, according to human development index worldwide. Methods: The desired outcome was prevalence of HIV, which was estimated in 100 countries in 2012. The annual report of Joint United Nations Programme on HIV...

INTRODUCTION Linkage of HIV-infected pregnant women to HIV care remains critical for improvement of maternal and child outcomes through prevention of maternal-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and subsequent chronic HIV care. This study determined proportions and factors associated with intra-facility linkage to HIV care and Early Infant Diagnosis care (EID) to inform strategic scale up of P...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment programs in resource-limited areas are expanding rapidly. Providing training and education to health care providers in these programs is a major challenge. We have employed Internet-based conferencing technology to conduct interactive case-based training conferences with health care professionals in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. This online progra...

Tuberculosis (TB) and the emerging multidrug-resistant TB epidemic represent major challenges to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and treatment programs in resource-limited settings. Tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality among patients with HIV and poses a risk throughout the course of HIV disease, even after successful initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Progress in the imp...

Literature describing the roles and activities of peers working in HIV care is limited. Evaluations of the impact of peer-based behavior-change interventions reveal mixed results, due in part to varied program aims, structure, evaluation mechanisms, and training. Peers themselves are important resources to address these concerns and lay the groundwork for developing improved programs and evalua...