Homogeneous transition metal complex catalysts for organic industrial processes are converted to catalysts which are heterogeneous with respect to the reactants, and which have substantially equal catalytic activity to the homogeneous catalysts. This is done by reacting a normally homogeneous transition metal complex catalyst with a metal bridging ligand which substantially duplicates the ligan...

A novel and efficient palladium-based homogeneous catalyst was fabricated and used as a robust catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and Heck reactions. 2-Amino-N(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzamide was introduced as a versatile ligand for palladiumcatalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The desired active and stable homogeneous Pd catalyst was prepared via the coordination of Pd with 2-amino-N-(pyrid...

Catalytic synthesis can be achieved by using either homogeneous or heterogeneous organometallic complexes, or homogeneous enzymatic biocatalysts. However, each of these methods offers advantages and disadvantages that must be balanced cautiously. Homogeneously catalyzed reactions are highly efficient in terms of selectivity (i.e. regioselectivity, enantiomeric excesses) and reaction rates, due ...

This paper describes a computational study of the partial oxidation of ethane to ethylene in a shortcontact-time reactor (SCTR), using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model with full heat and mass transport. Detailed heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical kinetic mechanisms are employed to describe the chemistry. Emphasis is placed on simulating recent experiments in which the pl...

Heterogeneous transesterification of vegetable oils offers an environmentally more attractive option for biodiesel production compared with the conventional homogeneous processes. Thus, double metallic methoxide catalyst was developed in the present study, aiming to improve the transesterification of low-cost palm stearin (PS) and reduce waste generation. The physicochemical properties of the s...

We present in this communication an alternative concept for optimising homogeneous catalysts. With this method, one extracts and screens virtual catalyst libraries, indicating regions in the catalyst space where good catalysts are likely to be found. This automated screening is done in two stages: A ‘rough screening’ using 2D descriptors, followed by a ‘fine screening’ using 3D descriptors. The...

in this work, the ionic liquid triethylamine-bonded sulfonic acid {[et3n–so3h]cl}, n,n-diethyl-n-sulfoethanammonium chloride was used as a green acidic homogeneous catalyst to synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1h)-ones and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1h)-thiones as two categories of heterocycles, from aldehyde, dicarbonyl compound and urea or thiourea throughout the one-pot three components cycloc...

Bis(2-ethylheptyl) phthalate is an anti-oxidant and anticancer compound that was extracted from the Cynodon dactylon plant stem extract and fully identified and characterized by FTIR, CHN, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, along with various 2D NMR techniques. The phthalate compound was modified and functionalized by polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains followed by complexation to Cu(II) ions. The resultant complex w...