Snake or honeybee envenomation can cause substantial morbidity and mortality, and it has been proposed that the activation of mast cells by snake or insect venoms can contribute to these effects. We show, in contrast, that mast cells can significantly reduce snake-venom-induced pathology in mice, at least in part by releasing carboxypeptidase A and possibly other proteases, which can degrade ve...

Venoms of invertebrates contain an enormous diversity of proteins, peptides, and other classes of substances. Insect venoms are characterized by a large interspecific variation resulting in extended lists of venom compounds. The venom composition of several hymenopterans also shows different intraspecific variation. For instance, venom from different honeybee castes, more specifically queens an...

Because of the catastrophic consequences COVID-19 on world population, there should be novel­ interventions to handle ongoing infections and daily death cases. The aim current study is examine effectiveness HBV (Honeybee venom) proteins spike protein RBD by in silico tools. sequences 5 were used for homology modeling Phyre 2. generated models employed protein-protein docking against Omicron Spi...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Anaphylaxis due to hymenoptera stings is one of the most severe clinical outcomes of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. Although allergic reactions to hymenoptera stings are often considered as a general model for the underlying principles of allergic disease, venom immunotherapy is still hampered by severe systemic side effects and incomplete protection. The identif...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the events involved in honeybee allergy and to concisely update the reader on progress toward knowledge of honeybee venom (HBV), strides in solving diagnostic difficulties, and advancements in improving safety and efficacy of HBV immunotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS It is well known that honeybee allergy is unique in ve...

Honeybee stings are a severe public health problem. Bee venom contains a series of active components, including enzymes, peptides, and biogenic amines. The local reactions observed after envenoming include a typical inflammatory response and pain. Honeybee venom contains some well-known polycationic peptides, such as Melittin, Apamin, MCD peptide, Cardiopep, and Tertiapin. Secapin in honeybee v...

To identify the active components of honeybee venom in production of inflammation and pain-related behaviors, five major peptidergic subfractions were separated, purified and identified from the whole honeybee venom. Among them, four active peptidergic components were characterized as apamin, mast-cell degranulating peptide (MCDP), phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))-related peptide and melittin, respe...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Component-resolved diagnostics makes use of defined allergen molecules to analyse IgE-mediated sensitizations at a molecular level. Here, we review recent studies on the use of component-resolved diagnostics in the field of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) and discuss its benefits and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS Component resolution in HVA has moved from single molecules to ...