Microtubules and the motor protein dynein play pivotal roles in the movement and positioning of the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles in a cell. In fission yeast, oscillatory movement of the nucleus termed horsetail nuclear movement (HNM) has been observed during meiotic prophase. HNM is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body (SPB), a centrosome-equivalent orga...

Meiosis represents a typical feature of the eukaryotic life style, which is tightly associated with sexual reproduction. its fundamental role is the formation of haploid gametes from diploid germ-line cells. This process involves several crucial events orchestrated in the 2 rounds of meiotic divisions and requires the pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes. The failure of proper ch...

The article is part of the series, devoted to studies on Equisetum species occurring in Poland. described here, arvense L. – field horsetail, regarded as typical for entire genus. Among others, some morphological and anatomical characteristics species, its taxonomic diversity, distribution association with specihc habitat types, well threats, traditional use life cycle are presented below. phyt...

The importance of including uncertainties in the design process of aerospace systems is becoming increasingly recognized, leading to the recent development of many techniques for optimization under uncertainty. Most existing methods represent uncertainties in the problem probabilistically; however, in many real life design applications it is often difficult to assign probability distributions t...