Vaccination reduces the risk of becoming infected with and transmitting pathogens. The role of healthcare workers (HCWs) in controlling and limiting nosocomial infections has been stressed repeatedly. This has also been recognised at a political level, leading the European Council of Ministers in 2009 to encourage coverage of 75% seasonal influenza vaccine in HCWs. Although there are policies, ...

Proponents of affirmative action policies in higher education argue that the beneficiaries of affirmative action could gain academically from positive peer effects, whereas critiques argue that they could fall behind due to competition with better prepared peers. I examine this hypothesis in the context of caste based affirmative action in college admissions in India. Admission to general educa...

Julio Frenk, M.D., M.P.H., Ph.D. is Director-General, National Institute of Public Health of Mexico; Enrique Ruelas, M.D., M.P.A., M.Sc. is Dean, School of Public Health of Mexico, National Institute of Public Health; and Avedis Donabedian, M.D., M.P.H. is Nathan Sinai Distinguished Professor of Public Health, Department of Health Services Management and Policy, School of Public Health, The Uni...

The word discrimination is used loosely to encapsulate negative ideas surrounding the practice. In the case of affirmative action admissions policies at the University of Michigan, discrimination is used to justify an unjust practice. Generally, when affirmative action is debated, it is considered from a singular perspective (i.e., it is wrong or it is right). Most ignore that admissions polici...

This article provides a framework for comparing meritocratic and affirmative action admissions policies. The context of the analysis is admissions to public universities; admission rules are evaluated as part of the public investment problem faced by a state government. Meritocratic and affirmative admissions policies are compared in terms of their effects on the level and distribution of human...

EDITOR’S NOTE: This Is the first story In a three-part series Investi­ gating the policies for the admis­ sion of women and minorities into undergraduate colleges and uni­ versities. The first story will cover the admissions policies for women at Notre Dame. The second story considers the policies for admitting minorities to the University. The final article exam ines the policies for admitting...

Article history: Received 17 January 2014 Received in revised form 28 May 2014 Accepted 29 May 2014 Available online 12 June 2014 This article investigates the impact of the observation that managers can use cash to defer bankruptcy on default risk and corporate financial policies. I show that with managerial cash use to defer default, the impact of cash on default risk depends on two opposing ...

Affirmative action is an established principle that brings fairness and justice to admissions policies and practices by setting goals that encourage and pressure institutions and individuals to create educational and professional opportunities for minorities and women, if it were not for affirmative action, we would waste the talents of countless individuals who would be discounted because they...

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 10, No. 10, October 2004 1887 SARS also imposed physical and psychological concerns on the healthcare workers. During the later stage of the SARS epidemic, the Taiwan government offered special financial assistance to hospitals and healthcare workers as an incentive to help fight SARS. The country’s National Health Insurance program compensa...