Effects of sample storage methods on the quantity and quality of labile soil organic carbon are not fully understood even though their effects on basic soil properties have been extensively studied. We studied the effects of air-drying and frozen storage on cold and hot water soluble organic carbon (WSOC). Cold- and hot-WSOC in air-dried and frozen-stored soils were linearly correlated with tho...

In this study, beech wood was treated in hot oil and in hot air to determine the differences in the effects of the two processes on the physical properties of the wood. Heat treatment was conducted at temperatures of 160, 190, and 220 °C for 2 h at atmospheric pressure. After the heat treatment, various properties of the wood, including mass increase in hot oil treatment (wt% gain), mass loss i...

ABSTRACT: Mustard is a natural multi-functional additive with strong hot flavor. In this research, powdered yellow mustard (Sinapis alba) was heated by 21 different thermal processes, statistically designed by Response Surface Methodology to evaluate the effects of combinations of heating media (hot air, hot water and steam) and heating time (0-20 min) on residual myrosinase activity, the minim...

This work examines the ability of small-scale helium–air mixture coaxial jets to simulate the acoustics of largescale hot air jets representing the exhaust of separate-flow turbofan engines. Experiments employed a one-eighthscale model of a separate-flow nozzle used in hot tests at NASA John H. Glenn Research Center. Comparisons were conducted for two set points using the following methods: mat...

We examined the feasibility of providing ambient air during exercise and conditioned (cooled) air during rest on reducing physiological strain and optimizing tolerance time. Six male soldiers attempted 250-min exposures in hot/dry and hot/wet environments. Subjects wore chemical protective clothing over the combat vehicle crewman uniform and an air-cooled vest. They alternated between 50 min of...

Hot air sauna burns (HASBs) are rare but potentially fatal injuries with simultaneous rhabdomyolysis. The mechanism of HASBs involves prolonged exposure to hot air because of immobility. The burned areas are on the parts of the body that are directly exposed to hot air. This type of heat exposure results in a complex injury, in which full-thickness skin damage occurs concurrently with deeper ti...

Systematic study of how different drying methods, namely hot-air drying, vacuum-drying, and freeze-drying, affect color, browning index, degree of rehydration, water solubility, and vitamin C content is critical for utilizing pine needle powders (PNP) as a novel ingredient in functional foods. Samples prepared by vacuum-drying showed a significantly higher L*-value, whereas higher a*- and b*-va...

CONTEXT Despite the increased popularity of hot-air balloon flight, data on injuries and fatalities associated with hot-air balloon crashes are limited. OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with injury and death in hot-air balloon crashes. DESIGN Retrospective review of data collected from reports and investigations by the Civil Aeronautics Board and the National Transportation Safety ...