Humans around the world rely on a diversity of energy sources to provide heat for cooking and home comfort. Each of the energy sources utilized has a series of impacts on the environment and human health from extraction or harvest through combustion. At the household level, fuels that are considered to be clean, including gas, oil, and purchased electricity, yield lower levels of particulate em...

Kalpana Balakrishnan, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, No. 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 600116, India Douglas Barnes, Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), Energy and Water Department, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, MSN H4-403, Washington DC 20433, USA (not present for evaluations) James A. Bo...

Unasylva 224, Vol. 57, 2006 Alarge part of the world’s population uses fuelwood for household cooking and space heating, mostly in developing countries. Energy from traditional biomass fuel is thought to account for nearly one-tenth of all human energy demand today (more than hydro and nuclear power together), and wood-based fuels probably make up some two-thirds of household use. In poor devel...

Over half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution from the burning of solid fuels at home. Household air pollution from solid fuel use is a leading risk factor for global disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and mid-income countries. This is a particularly serious problem in China, where many people in rural areas still use coal for house...

Globally, 41% of households, over 2.8 billion people, rely on solid fuels (coal and biomass) for cooking and heating. In developing countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where these fuels are predominantly used, women who are customarily responsible for cooking, and their young children, are most exposed to the resulting air pollution. Solid fuels are still in widespread use and it appears t...

BACKGROUND In Nigeria, approximately 69% of households use solid fuels as their primary source of domestic energy for cooking. These fuels produce high levels of indoor air pollution. This study aimed to determine whether Nigerian children residing in households using solid fuels at <5 years of age were at higher risk of death. METHODS The 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data were ...

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: This study aims to assess the effects of intervention strategies that reduce exposure to household air pollution from burning solid fuels on episodes of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children under the age of 15 years.

Respiratory Diseases are public health concern worldwide. The diseases have been associated with air pollution mainly indoor air pollution from solid biomass fuel in developing country. A field study was undertaken to characterize the level of pollutant released from solid bio-fuel burring from the village of rural household and urban household in the area of Durgapur. Pollution was assesses by...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the burden of respiratory ill health in South African children and adults in 2000 from exposure to indoor air pollution associated with household use of solid fuels. DESIGN World Health Organization comparative risk assessment (CRA) methodology was followed. The South African Census 2001 was used to derive the proportion of households using solid fuels for cooking and h...