Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of guinea-pig airways, in vitro, evokes an excitatory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (eNANC) contraction mediated by release of tachykinins from sensory nerve endings. Epinastine (WAL 801CL) is an antihistaminic drug with binding affinity at certain other receptors, including alpha-adrenergic receptors and various serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes. It is used i...

cannabinoids induce diverse responses on anxiolytic–like behaviors. moreover some studies postulated that there is a close relationship between this system and serotonergic system upon cognitive process formation. thus the aim of present study is investigation the possible role of 5-ht 1 receptor on anxiolytic–like behaviors induced by acpa in the elevated plus maze task (epm). in the present s...

conclusions anesthesiologists need to be aware of dextromethorphan’s clinical pharmacology because recreational abuse of the drug has become increasingly common in adolescents and young adults. case presentation a 30-year-old man with a history of a nasal fracture was scheduled to undergo an elective septorhinoplasty. he reported daily consumption of large quantities (1440 to 1800 mg) of dextro...

objective: the present study aimed to review the relapse rate in patients with schizophrenia treated with orally taken atypical agents (serotonin dopamine antagonists, sdas) and depot preparation of conventional (typical) antipsychotics. methods: in this historical cohort study, mean relapse per month (mrm) index, duration between initiation of antipsychotic treatment and the first relapse epis...

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in the present study the effects of both cck receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evaluated. m orphine induced dose-dependent antinociception in mice. the response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8s) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8u). the cck receptor antagonists mk-329 and l-365, ...

Alloknesis, itch hypersensitivity to normally innocuous mechanical stimuli, has been reported in various mouse models and patients including xerosis atopic dermatitis (AD). We previously that repeated administration of Neurotropin (NTP), an analgesic agent widely used Japan China, attenuates scratching behavior a model AD. NTP also exert effect via the descending inhibitory system, intrinsic sy...

The density and pattern of distribution of 5-HT1 receptor sites was examined using quantitative in vitro autoradiography with [3H]5-HT as a ligand in the visual structures of 5 weeks old kittens. One group of animals had normal binocular vision, the other was monocularly deprived during the last three days of life. The density of 5-HT1 receptor sites and the pattern of their distribution in the...

Background: IGF-1 and certain other cytokines have been shown to exert inflammatory/anti-inflammatory roles in chronic joint diseases. Objective: To assess the effect of IGF-1, IL-27 and IL-35, their interaction and their receptor expression in a rheumatoid arthritis model. Methods: Freund’s adjuvant-induced chronic joint inflammation was operated on 160 male rats. Animals were divided into his...

In this study, [1251]iodocyanopindolol ([125I]ICYP), in the presence of isoproterenol, was used to label 5-hydroxytryptaminelB (5HTIB) receptors in homogenates of the cortex, substantia nigra and caudate-putamen of the rat. The determination of the appropnate concentrations of isoproterenol required to block optimally beta adrenoceptors whereas producing minimal occupancy of 5HT1B receptors was...