The series line-commutated converter (LCC) and modular multilevel (MMC) hybrid high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system provides a more economical flexible alternative for ultra-HVDC (UHVDC) transmission, which is the so-called Baihetan-Jiangsu HVDC (BJ-HVDC) project of China. In one LCC two MMCs ( $...

The hybrid modular multilevel converter (HMMC) composed of half-bridge (HB) and full-bridge (FB) submodules (SMs) is an alternative to the FB-modular (MMC) with lower loss cost. However, HMMC's maximum reverse-biased voltage (RBV) than FB-MMC, so does dc fault clearing capability (DCFCC). Reduced RBV will prolong time, especially when side inductance large. In this letter, auxiliary circuit pro...

We have shown previously that a wide range of mutagenic carcinogens are capable of inducing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the endogenous Aprt locus in mouse splenic lymphocytes. To investigate whether LOH might be caused by a single common mechanism, we set out to determine the extent of LOH by microsatellite analysis along (the Aprt gene containing) mouse chromosome 8. Aprt+/- hybrid B6C3F1 ...

Three Mitomycin C (MMC)-hypersensitive mutants (CL-V1B, CL-V5B, and CL-V101B) were isolated from Chinese hamster V79B cells by the replica plating technique. In comparison to the parental cell line, CL-V1B, CL-V5B, and CL-V101B show about a 22-, 32-, and 13-fold increased sensitivity to MMC, respectively (judged by the D10). These mutants are also sensitive to other DNA cross-linking agents, su...

A diode rectifier-modular multilevel converter AC/DC hub (DR-MMC Hub) is proposed to integrate offshore wind power the onshore DC network and production platforms (e.g., oil/gas hydrogen plants) with different voltage levels. The DR MMCs are connected in parallel at AC collection power, series terminals of platform network. Compared conventional parallel-connected DR-MMC HVDC systems, reduces r...

AC-HVDC-AC energy conversion systems using modular multilevel voltage-source converters (MMC) are becoming very popular to integrate distributed energy systems to the main grid. MMC AC-DC-AC converters are also being considered for large HVDC transmissions systems. Such multi-level converters pose a serious problem for HIL simulators required for control, protection design and testing due to th...