Introduction: Creatine is a supplement widely used by force athletes or whose goal is to gain muscle mass storing water in the intracellular space. Creatine has the ability to remove plasma water from the bloodstream into skeletal muscle in a process called muscle myofibrillar hydration or hydration. Although this benefits the skeletal muscles, less water is available to other tissues since mos...

This paper examines regio-and stereo-specificity for reactions of coordinated organic substrates. The reactions involve addition of coordinated nucleophiles where the specificity arises from non-bonded interactions, substituent effects on the metal, orbital steering directed by the chelates and electronic effects imparted by the geometry required for chelation. The reactions examined include hy...

The COZ hydration and HC03dehydration activities of human red cell carbonic anhydrase isozymes B and C (HCAB and HCAC) have been studied as a function of temperature from 0” to 37°C. The Arrhenius plots of In kcat versus 1/T are linear for both isozymes in both hydration and dehydration reactions, indicating that the rate-determining steps remain unchanged over this temperature range. The 37°C ...

We report a new and improved method to prepare, by gentle hydration of lipid films, oil-free giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), in which enzymatic reactions can be encapsulated. The traditional method of gentle hydration requires very low concentrations of metal ions, whereas enzymatic reactions generally require mono- and divalent metal ions at physiological concentrations. In order to improve...

Brine provides remarkable rate acceleration and a higher level of stereoselectivity over organic solvents, due to the hydrophobic hydration effect, in the enantioselective Michael addition reactions of 1,3-dicarbonyls to β-nitroolefins using chiral H-donors as organocatalysts.

How do we estimate, from thermodynamic measurements, the number of water molecules adsorbed or released from biomolecules as a result of a biochemical process such as binding and allosteric effects? Volumetric and osmotic stress analyses are established methods for estimating water numbers; however, these techniques often yield conflicting results. In contrast, Kirkwood-Buff theory offers a nov...