Trees face the dilemma that achieving high plant productivity is accompanied by a risk of drought-induced hydraulic failure due to a trade-off in the trees' vascular system between hydraulic efficiency and safety. By investigating the xylem anatomy of branches and coarse roots, and measuring branch axial hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation in 4-year-old field-grown aspen plan...

Hydraulic fracturing is an important method of reservoir stimulation in the exploitation of geothermal resources, and conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources. In this article, hydraulic fracturing experiments with shale, sandstone cores (from southern Sichuan Basin), and granite cores (from Inner Mongolia) were conducted to investigate the different hydraulic fracture extension pa...

Hydraulic activity refers to a property most familiar when discussing hydraulic cement such as ordinary portland cement (OPC). ASTM C125-15a defines hydraulic cement as “a cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water and is capable of doing so under water.” That is, hydraulic cements, including SCMs that have hydraulic properties, react with water to harden, and that hardening p...

The Hydraulic excavator machines are heavy duty earth mover consisting of a boom, arm and bucket. It works on principle of hydraulic fluid with hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic motors. The Hydraulic excavator backhoe operation require coordinated movement of boom, arm and bucket to control the bucket tip position by following a desired trajectory and to use the excavator machines effectively in...

abstract many studies have been conducted on the characteristics of hydraulic jump over gradually expanding cross sections, but comparatively few have been carried out on basins with convergent wall. in the present research, the hydraulic jump characteristic of the stilling basin with convergent wall has been investigated. the main objective of this research is evaluation of conjugate depths ra...

[1] In the past, texture-based classification of soils has been used for grouping soils in variably saturated water flow and solute transport studies. Classification of soils becomes especially important for large-scale studies where the spatial and temporal variability in the hydraulic properties of soils exceeds the field sampling capabilities. Although soiltexture-based classification has be...

In this paper, the hydraulic and heat-transfer properties of two sets of artificially fractured granite samples are investigated. First, the morphological information is determined using 3D modelling technology. The area ratio is used to describe the roughness of the fracture surface. Second, the hydraulic properties of fractured granite are tested by exposing samples to different confining pre...

Hydraulic cylinder actuators are used extensively in industrial, construction and agricultural works. The small sized outlet ports of the cylinders resist the flow of discharged oil; and as a result the piston motion is slowed down. This causes a lot of heat generation and energy loss within the actuators. The study investigates and analyzes the possibilities of reducing the hydraulic resistanc...

The concept of a hydraulic axis plays a central role within the design and analysis of hydraulic systems. A hydraulic axis comprises working, control, and supply elements that realize a subfunction of a hydraulic system. Analyzing a system’s functional structure means to identify the hydraulic axes along with their couplings. The paper in hand addresses this problem; it presents concepts and al...

1 Abstract The paper presents a hydraulic astable multivibrator system. The system consists of hydraulic resistors, hydraulic capacitors and hydraulic pressure controlled valves. The system is designed, realised and tested. The measured system behaviour agrees well with the model simulations. The free running frequency of the multivibrator is 0.18 Hz and the output pressure swing is 90% of the ...