abstract rockfill dams are usually used for affecting the flood and reducing the peak discharge. the materials used in these dams will usually make the flow turbulent, therefore darcy's law can not be used for this kind of dams and the equations based on the non-darcy flow must be applied. non-darcy flow equations are showed in two general ways including: and .one of the main parameters for flo...

filter is one of the main components of embankment dams. by a simple but effective performance, filter protects the dam against erosion and soil scouring in impervious core caused by leakage (piping) and makes it safe. interaction between filter and erodible base soil is a complex phenomenon which is dependent upon several factors, and has challenged researchers for better understanding the fil...

A FORTRAN code for liquid water flow in unsaturated soil under the isothermal condition was developed to simulate water infiltration into Yolo light clay. The governing equation, that is, Richards' equation, was approximated by the finite-difference method. A normalized sensitivity coefficient was used in the sensitivity analysis of Richards' equation. Normalized sensitivity coefficient was cal...

The study was conducted to evaluate hydraulic conductivity functions in relation to some soil chemical properties in an oxisols of the tropics. Field and laboratory studies were carried out and data collected, subjected to statistical analytical procedure for computing coefficient of variability and correlation among soil properties. Results of the study showed that hydraulic conductivity funct...

abstract saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) is needed for many studies related to water and solute transport, but often cannot be measured because of practical and/or cost-related reasons. nonparametric approaches are being used in various fields to estimate continuous variables. one type of the nonparametric lazy learning algorithms, a k-nearest neighbor (k-nn) algorithm, was introduced and...

Surface area of root (m-2) Concentration of solutes (osmolal) Average solute concentration between inside and outside of root Diameter Diffusion coefficient (m2 s-l) Mass flow of solution (kg s-l) Classical root hydraulic conductance (kg s-I MPa-l) Mass flux density or Fm per unit root surface area (kg s-I m-2) Solute flux density (mol s-I m-2) Thermodynamic root hydraulic conductance (kg s-I M...

Several artificial neural work (ANNs) software packages are available and being under use by researchers in different fields of sciences and engineering. These types of software could be used successfully by hydraulic engineers to simulate and predict hydraulic information. In this paper, three ANNs packages are used separately to predict hydraulic data of scour and hydraulic jump phenomena. Th...