This study examines the information content on hydrometeors that could be provided by a future HYperspectral Microwave Sensor (HYMS) with frequencies ranging from 6.9 to 874 GHz (millimeter and sub-millimeter regions). Through optimal estimation theory the information content is expressed quantitatively in terms of degrees of freedom for signal (DFS). For that purpose the Atmospheric Radiative ...

Although much work has been done at S band to automatically identify hydrometeors by using polarimetric radar, several challenges are presented when adapting such algorithms to X band. At X band, attenuation and non-Rayleigh scattering can pose significant problems. This study seeks to develop a hydrometeor identification (HID) algorithm for X band based on theoretical simulations using the T-m...

[1] This paper provides numerics for cloud and precipitation development from multiple aerosol size distributions and examines the effect of clouds and precipitation on aerosol removal. Numerical techniques are given for (1) simultaneous liquid and ice growth onto multiple aerosol size distributions, (2) diffusiophoretic, thermophoretic, gravitational, etc., coagulation among liquid, ice, and g...

Classification of hydrometeors has a wide variety of applications such as validation of cloud microphysical models, choice of algorithm for precipitation estimation and evaluation of assumptions made in the precipitation retrieval processes as well as validation of space borne observations. Dual-polarization radar measurements are sensitive to hydrometeors properties such as size, shape, phase ...

Spaceborne radars provide great opportunities to investigate the vertical structure of clouds and precipitation. Two typical spaceborne radars for such a study are the W-band Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and Ku-band Precipitation Radar (PR), which are onboard NASA's CloudSat and TRMM satellites, respectively. Compared to S-band ground-based radars, they have distinct scattering characteristics f...

The subgrid-scale representation of hydrometeor fields is important for calculating microphysical process rates. In order to represent subgrid-scale variability, the Cloud Layers Unified By Binormals (CLUBB) parameterization uses a multivariate probability density function (PDF). In addition to vertical velocity, temperature, and moisture fields, the PDF includes hydrometeor fields. Previously,...

Results of a propagation study on a free space optical link at 850 nm on a path 853 meters long and on a parallel 58 GHz radio link obtained over a 3-year period of observation are presented. The cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all of the hydrometeors combined as well as due to individual hydrometeors were obtained for both paths. The availability performances of the FSO link, th...

[1] Dual-frequency cloud and precipitation radar systems are being actively developed and installed on different platforms. The use of two radar frequencies (with at least one frequency outside the Rayleigh type of scattering for hydrometeors of interest) allows independent estimates of hydrometeor effective size. With these estimates, radarbased retrievals of such important parameters as cloud...

A complex thermodynamic–microphysical package has been formulated that is able to deal with the microphysical processes of condensed water vapour in a volcanic plume. The microphysics follows a prognostic bulk approach for cloud water, cloud ice, rain and graupel and the interaction between them. In a standard experiment, this module, applied within a Ž . new nonhydrostatic volcano plume model,...

Methodologies to improve disdrometer processing, loosely based on mathematical techniques common to the field of particle flow and fluid mechanics, are examined and tested. The inclusion of advection and vertical wind field estimates appears to produce significantly improved results in a Lagrangian hydrometeor trajectory model, in spite of very strict assumptions of noninteracting hydrometeors,...