It is generally known that severe plastic deformation processes with back pressure not only apply higher hydrostatic stress and more deformation compared to what a regular process can apply to a workpiece but also prevent surface defects in the workpiece during the process. Hydrostatic cyclic expansion extrusion (HCEE) was developed recently for processing long ultrafine-grained metals and allo...

Leg vascular resistance is calculated as the arterial-venous pressure gradient divided by blood flow. During orthostatic challenges it is assumed that the hydrostatic pressure contributes equally to leg arterial, as well as to leg venous pressure. Because of venous valves, one may question whether, during orthostatic challenges, a continuous hydrostatic column is formed and if leg venous pressu...

cementing is an essential part of every drilling operation. protection of the wellbore from formation fluid invasion is one of the primary tasks of a cement job. failure in this task results in catastrophic events, such as blow outs. hence, in order to save the well and avoid risky and operationally difficult remedial cementing, slurry must be optimized to be resistant against gas migration phe...

Buckling and post buckling of cylindrical shells under hydrostatic pressure is regarded as important issue in structure of submarines. These cylindrical shells have variable thickness due to construction process which effected by pressure of buckling and its destruction. In this paper, effects of changing thickness on buckling and destruction pressure under external hydrostatic pressure of a sh...

Background: Oocyte maturation is usually defined as the period of progression from the first to the second meiotic arrest and involves coordinated nuclear and cytoplasmic modification. Ca2+ signals are known as important regulators of oocyte maturation. Extracellular Ca2+ is important for first polar body formation, normal meiosis kinetics, and for preserving the chromosome and spindle configur...

Hydrostatic pressures in the renal vasculature of hagfish have been studied. Estimates of the blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP) have been made. In blood vessels supplying the renal corpuscles, the average hydrostatic pressure is about 1 kPa. The average hydrostatic pressure falls to a value of 0.04 kPa within the postcardinal vein efferent to the renal corpuscle. Within the glomerular capill...

Effective protocols are introduced for parthenogenesis activation in oocytes. Hydrostatic pressure can act as a mechanical stimulator that rearranges egg contents, leading to new structural or molecular combination. Alternatively, mechanical stimulation could stimulate a mechanically-gated process, such as opening or closing of stretch activated ion channels. This study, investigated the use of...

To clarify the role of the endolymphatic sac (ES) in the regulation of endolymphatic pressure, the effects of isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, and acetazolamide, a potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, both of which decrease ES direct current potential on cochlear hydrostatic pressure, were examined in guinea pigs. When isoproterenol was applied intravenously, hydrostatic press...

The objective of this study was to identify ERK 1/2 involvement in the changes in compressive and tensile mechanical properties associated with hydrostatic pressure treatment of self-assembled cartilage constructs. In study 1, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was detected by immunoblot, following application of hydrostatic pressure (1 h of static 10 MPa) applied at days 10-14 of self-assembly culture. I...

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is almost invariably accompanied by permeability pulmonary oedema, usually appearing in the first few hours [1, 2]. The extent and therefore the seriousness of this oedema is proportional to the filtration of fluid and proteins through the pulmonary vascular endothelium. The extreme sensitivity of this filtration to variations of capillary pressure...