The problem of optimal economic operation of hydrothermal electric power systems is solved using powerful continuation method. While in conventional approach, fixed generation voltages are used to avoid convergence problems, in the proposed algorithm, they are treated as variables so that better solutions can be obtained. The algorithm is tested for a typical 5-bus and 17-bus New Zealand networ...

One-dimensional nanostructures exhibit interesting electronic and optical properties due to their low dimensionality leading to quantum confinement effects. ZnO has received lot of attention as a nanostructured material because of unique properties rendering it suitable for various applications. Amongst the different methods of synthesis of ZnO nanostructures, the hydrothermal method is attract...

In this paper presents the mathematical model of hydrothermal processes in thermal power plant with different wind direction scenarios in the water reservoir, which is solved by the Navier Stokes and temperature equations for an incompressible fluid in a stratified medium. Numerical algorithm based on the method of splitting by physical parameters. Three dimensional Poisson equation is solved w...

cobalt ferrite nano-powder have been obtained through a hydrothermal method with 2:1 molar ratio of fe:co without using any surfactant. x-ray diffraction (xrd) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) were used to consider the structural and morphological properties of cofe2o4 nano-particles. also, edax spectroscopy applied to evaluate the chemical composition. results demonstrated that 15 hr hyd...

carbon spheres were fabricated by hydrothermal method and their structural properties were investigated. carbon spheres with average sizes around of 230, 320 and 430 nm were synthesized in different concentration of glucose aqueous solution and different hydrothermal reaction time. the temperature of 180 °c by a hydrothermal reaction was fixed in all of glucose concentration and hydrothermal re...

the synthesis of nb doped batio3 has been investigated under microwave-hydrothermal (mh) conditions in the temperature of 150°c for only 2 h using c16h36o4ti, bah2o2.8h2o and nbcl5 as ba, ti and  nb sources, respectively.  typical experiments performed on mh processing have not yet reported for nb doped batio3.  in the mh process, the formation of high purity nano tetragonal nb-batio3 was stron...

The hydrothermal method provides an effective reaction environment for the synthesis of nanocrystalline materials with high purity and well-controlled crystallinity. In this work, we started with various sizes of commercial TiO 2 powders and used the hydrothermal method to prepare TiO 2 thin films. We found that the synthesized TiO 2 nanorods were thin and long when smaller TiO 2 particleswere ...

In this study a Dynamically Controlled Particle Swarm Optimization (DCPSO) method has been developed to solve Economic Emission Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling (EESTHS) problem of power system with a variety of operational and network constraints. The inertial, cognitive and social behavior of the swarm is modified by introducing exponential functions for better exploration and exploitation ...