In this paper, load frequency control in two-area multiunits interconnected hydro thermal power system has been investigated. When an interconnected power system is subjected to heavy load disturbances, the system frequency and tie-line power flow are disturbed which leads to system instability. To stabilize the system frequency oscillations and tie line power flow variations, a PID controller ...

The ordinary power flow or load flow problem is stated by specifying the loads in megawatts and megavars to be supplied at certain nodes or busbars of a transmission system and by the generated powers and the voltage magnitudes at the remaining nodes of this system together with a complete topological description of the system including its impedances. The objective is to determine the complex ...

The optimization is one of the challenging problems in power system. The optimization sometimes is mainly restricted to the minimization of the operating cost. However, the operation of power plants, mostly thermal units, results into various types of emissions like SOx, NOx and COx etc. The environmental concern dictates the minimization of the emissions by the thermal plant. Individually, if ...