Hypoestrogenism is referred to lower than normal serum levels of estrogen. Hypoestrogenism can be regarded as typical and physiological in postmenopausal women. However, hypoestrogenism which oocurs in young women is related to pathological background. There are two groups of disorders in young women related to hypoestrogenism: hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. H...

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is identified as a heterogeneous disorder leading to amenorrhea and ovarian failure before the age of 40 years. The first known symptom of the disease is having irregular menstrual periods. The phenotype appearance of POF depends significantly on the variations in hormones. Low levels of gonadal hormones (estrogens and inhibins) and increased level of gonadotropi...

Background: Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined by the association of amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism and elevated (menopausal) levels of serum gonadotropins before age of 40 years-old. This condition affects approximately %1 of women under 40 years of age. Physiologic replacement of ovarian steroid hormones seems rational until the age of normal menopause. Temporary return of ovarian functi...

OBJECTIVE To describe a new FOXL2 gene mutation in a woman with sporadic blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. DESIGN Case report. SETTING University medical center. PATIENT(S) A 28-year-old woman. INTERVENTION(S) Clinical evaluation, hormone assays, gene mutation research. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) FOXL2 gene mutation. RESULT(...

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by decreased gonadal function due to the inability of the gonads to respond to pituitary gonadotropins. Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in fe­ males has many causes, among which are ovarian dysgenesis and abnormalities of the ovarian receptors for the pituitary gonadotro­ pins. We evaluated a woman who presented with amenorrhea due to hypergonadotr...

BACKGROUND: Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), defined as the development of hypergonadotropic amenorrhea before the age of 40 years, occurs in about 1% of all women. Other than karyotype abnormalities, very few genes are known to be associated with this ovarian dysfunction. Recently, in seven patients who presented with POF and white matter abnormalities on MRI (ovarioleukodystrophy) eight mutat...

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a primary ovarian defect characterized by absent menarche (primary amenorrhea) or premature depletion of ovarian follicles before the age of 40 years (secondary amenorrhea). It is a heterogeneous disorder affecting approximately 1% of women <40 years, 1:10,000 women by age 20 and 1:1,000 women by age 30. The most severe forms present with absent pubertal devel...