Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance occurring in a broad spectrum of patients, from asymptomatic to critically ill. The disease is defined as a decrease in serum sodium concentration to a level below 136 mmol per liter. The brain damage from hyponatremia can be associated with either hyponatremic encephalopathy or improper therapy of symptomatic hyponatremia both in patients and in...

The complexity of hyponatremia as a clinical problem is likely caused by the opposite scenarios that accompany this electrolyte disorder regarding pathophysiology (depletional versus dilutional hyponatremia, high versus low vasopressin levels) and therapy (rapid correction to treat cerebral edema versus slow correction to prevent osmotic demyelination, fluid restriction versus fluid resuscitati...

Introduction Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in clinical practice. It occurs in wide variety of clinical conditions. Studies have shown that presence of hyponatremia is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Despite hyponatremia being a commonly encountered condition, there is no consensus in its management. Recently published guidelines have made an attempt to ...

BACKGROUND Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration < 135 mmol/L) is the most common electrolyte abnormality and is a predictor of the mortality of hospitalized patients in Western countries. However, hyponatremia data are lacking in Asian countries. Here we evaluate the epidemiology and mortality of hyponatremia in general medical hospitalized patients in China. METHODS This is a cohort stud...

Pneumonia remains the leading single cause of childhood mortality. It’s associated with several complications and the commonest metabolic complication being hyponatremia. Studies done in the western countries have reported a high prevalence of hyponatremia, an indicator of disease severity .No study has been done to evaluate the prevalence of hyponatremia in children in kerala Objectives : The ...

Hyponatremia is the most frequently observed electrolyte abnormality in clinical practice, and its frequency is almost double in hospitalized cancer patients. As a subset of cancer, hyponatremia is quite common in lung cancer patients, and it is often coupled with the diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The presence of hyponatremia is consequential in that its...

BACKGROUND To date, the majority of studies on hyponatremia focussed on hyponatremia at admission, and came from developed countries. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of hyponatremia during hospitalization in patients hospitalized for HF and its association with in-hospital mortality. METHODS This was an observational study using retrospective data from patients' records between 20...

BACKGROUND Cicletanine is an antihypertensive agent with vasorelaxant and diuretic properties. It has been widely used in European countries; however, cicletanine-associated electrolyte disturbances have yet to be defined. We investigated cicletanine-induced hyponatremia and hypokalemia in kidney transplant patients. METHODS Data from a total of 68 kidney transplant recipients who were treate...

BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized individuals. METHODS To investigate the association between serum sodium concentration and mortality, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 98,411 adults hospitalized between 2000 and 2003 at 2 teaching hospitals in Boston, Massachusetts. The main outcome measures were in-hospital, 1-year, and 5-year morta...