Wall-eyed monocular internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEMINO) with contraversive ocular tilt reaction has not been previously reported. A 71-year-old woman suddenly developed blurred vision. Examination revealed left internuclear ophthalmoplegia, left exotropia, right hypotropia, and rightward head tilt. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tiny infarction at the area of the left medial longitudinal...

purpose: to evaluate the clinical findings and surgical management of patients with congenital unilateral double elevator palsy (dep) or monocular elevation deficiency (med) methods: in a non-comparative interventional case series, 27 consecutive cases of dep were studied. hypotropia, elevation deficiency, and pseudoptosis were corrected by knapp or callahan procedure with or without inferior r...

PURPOSE To report the clinical features of strabismus associated with Graves' orbitopathy, and the results of surgery with adjustable suture under drop anesthesia. METHODS The charts of 13 patients who had surgical treatment for strabismus related to Graves' orbitopathy at Hospital das Clínicas of University of São Paulo were retrospectively reviewed. Ocular motility, sensorial examination an...

Dear Editor, Sub-Tenon’s anesthesia (STA) is widely used for regional orbital anesthesia. Complications of STA are rare but include inferior rectus muscle restriction [1-3]. There have been no reports of inferior rectus restriction after STA in Korea. We encountered a patient with inferior rectus muscle restriction after STA who eventually required surgical treatment and report the case herein....

BACKGROUND Inferior rectus recession, Knapp procedure, partial tendon transposition, and combined procedure are different surgical procedures in the management of monocular elevation deficiency (MED). Only a few studies have been published on the management of this problem. In this study, we report our experience with patients with MED focusing on the indications and types of surgery in the sou...

PURPOSE Eye motility disorders with axial high myopia and an enlarged globe are often characterized by a hypotropia of the affected eye, usually referred to as heavy-eye syndrome. Based on an intuitive interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) images, the cause of the hypotropia has typically been assigned to the rectus muscles. In this study, the hypothesis that the oblique muscles play an imp...

Dear Editor, Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique (IO) muscle is an effective treatment for dissociative vertical deviation (DVD) when associated with IO muscle overaction [1]. By transposing the insertion of the IO muscle anterior to the equator, a force vector of the IO muscle converts from elevation to depression, which in turn reduces DVD [1]. After the procedure, the superior rec...

CONGENITAL ptosis in association with jaw-winking is a clinical entity in which the ptosis disappears and the lid retracts on opening the mouth, or on moving the jaw to the opposite side. This condition, known as the Marcus Gunn phenomenon (Gunn, 1883), has been noted in association with paralysis of the superior rectus (Proskauer, 1891; Goldzeiher, 1892), internal rectus (Uhthoff, 1888), exter...

Simulated Brown syndrome is a term applied to a myriad of disorders that cause a Brown syndrome-like motility. We encountered a case of acquired simulated Brown syndrome in a 41-year-old man following surgical repair of fractures of both medial orbital walls. He suffered from diplopia in primary gaze, associated with hypotropia of the affected eye. We performed an ipsilateral recession of the l...