In this study, we present data that support the presence of two distinct calmodulin binding sites within the angiotensin II receptor (AT(1A)), at juxtamembrane regions of the N-terminus of the third intracellular loop (i3, amino acids 214-231) and carboxyl tail of the receptor (ct, 302-317). We used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays to document interactions of calmodulin with the...

Several lines of evidence suggest that G-protein-coupled receptors can adopt different active conformations, but their direct demonstration in intact cells is still missing. Using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based approach we studied conformational changes in alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptors in intact cells. The receptors were C-terminally labeled with cyan fluorescent protein...

The iSchool Inclusion Institute (i3) is a Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program in the US designed to address underrepresentation in the information sciences. i3 is a year-long, cohortbased program that prepares undergraduate students for graduate school in information science and is rooted in a research and leadership development curriculum. Using data from six years of i3 cohor...

Mass spectra of C(CI-I3)" Si(CI-I3)" Ge(CI-I3)" Sn(CI-I3)" and Pb (CI-Ia), were obtained with a Consolidated 21103 mass spectrometer. I sotopic abundan ces of carbon , si licon , germanium, tin, and lead were obtained from t he observed spectra and used to calculate the monoisotopic spectra. The mass spectra of t he Group IV tetramethyls a re qualitatively similar. The principal ion in each cas...

The Host Identity Protocol (HIP) uses cryptographic host identities to provide secure and efficient end-to-end communication without requiring a distributed key authority. However, HIP hosts can be vulnerable to DoS attacks and require some infrastructure to support simultaneous mobility of end points. The Internet Indirection Infrastructure (i3) overlay network can be used to provide these des...

Let p be a large prime number, K,L, M, λ be integers with 1 ≤ M ≤ p and gcd(λ, p) = 1. The aim of our paper is to obtain sharp upper bound estimates for the number I2(M ; K, L) of solutions of the congruence xy ≡ λ (mod p), K + 1 ≤ x ≤ K + M, L + 1 ≤ y ≤ L + M and for the number I3(M ; L) of solutions of the congruence xyz ≡ λ (mod p), L + 1 ≤ x, y, z ≤ L + M. Using the idea of Heath-Brown from...

A photoassisted oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) through I(-)/I3(-) redox couple was investigated for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell cathode reaction. The I(-)/I3(-)-based liquid cathode was used to replace conventional oxygen cathode, and its discharge product I(-) was regenerated to I3(-) by photocatalytic oxidation with the participation of oxygen. This new and innovative approach m...

Autophagy is the major catabolic process responsible for the removal of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. Autophagy is regulated by both G proteins and growth factors, but the underlying mechanism of how they are coordinated during initiation and reversal of autophagy is unknown. Using protein-protein interaction assays, G protein enzymology, and morphological analysis, we demonstrate...