EXCITATORY AMINO ACIDS IN EPILEPSY 133 5.1. Background 133 5.1.1. Classification of excitatory amino acid receptors 133 5.2. Role of Excitatory Amino Acids in Transmission of Hyperactivity 133 5.3. Role of excitatory amino acids in Primary Events 135 5.3.1. Convulsions induced by glutamate 135 5.3.2. Excitotoxic action 135 5.3.3. Neurotoxic lesions as epileptic foci 136 5.3.4. Quinolinic acid 1...

The Technology of Skill Formation This paper develops a model of skill formation that explains a variety of findings established in the child development and child intervention literatures. At its core is a technology that is stage-specific and that features self productivity, dynamic complementarity and skill multipliers. Lessons are drawn for the design of new policies to alleviate the conseq...

This paper constructs a simple model to illustrate that the current food stamp subsidy scheme fails to achieve its aim due to the crowding-out effect. In particular, if the household income is sufficiently low, only the corner solution exists and full subsidy is needed. The optimal food stamp subsidy scheme is identified and the subsidy efficiency rate is introduced to measure the impact on foo...

The old-age security motive for fertility postulates that people’s needs support raise the demand children. We exploit extension of social pensions in Namibia during 1990s to provide a quasi-experimental quantification this widespread idea. reform eliminated inequalities pension coverage and benefits across regions ethnic groups. Combining differences pre-reform exposure cohorts, we show substa...

How do governors’ reelection motives affect policy experimentation? We develop a theoretical model of this situation, and then test the predictions in data on US state-level welfare reforms from 1978 to 2007. This period marked most dramatic shift social since New Deal. Our findings indicate that governors with strong electoral support are less likely experiment than little support. Yet, who ca...

Many safety net programs issue benefits as monthly lump-sum payments. We investigate how the timing of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit issuance affects food purchases and incidence transfer. Using scanner data from a large sample grocery stores state time variation in SNAP schedules, we document large, SNAP-induced intramonth cycles expenditures. However, find that reta...

in macroeconomic studies, social welfare is assumed as a function of inflation and unemployment. although the social welfare function which is dependent to unemployment and inflation variables has been used widely in macroeconomic theories, but this relation needs to be tested through empirical observations. this paper, using variables such as to economics of happiness area and subjective wellb...

This paper provides evidence that replacing minimum unemployment benefits with a basic income of equal size has minor employment effects at best. We examine an experiment in Finland which 2,000 benefit recipients were randomized to receive monthly income. The lowered participation tax rates by 23 percentage points for full-time employment. Despite the considerable increase work incentives, days...

Despite the implications for policy, empirical evidence on relative importance of factors that shape labor supply responses is missing. This paper helps fill this gap and quantifies role information frictions versus other by combining notches in Norwegian welfare system quasi-experimental variation access to about slope location kinks. While we estimate a frictionless elasticity 0.3, overall at...