Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is one of the smallest (about 360 nt) infectious plant agents. It is composed of a single-stranded circular non-coding RNA molecule. In the course of previous passage experiments with two intermediate PSTVd variants I2 and I4, three non-infectious clones (I2-50, I4-37 and I4 VI-17) were found. When inoculated separately as cDNAs on tomato "Rutgers" test plant...

La2-xNdxCuO3.5 (x ? 0.5) compounds have been synthesized by a topotactic reduction reaction with calcium hydride at 280 °C for 48 h. Structural, thermal, vibrational and magnetic properties of were studied X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) temperature dependent X ray (TDXD), Raman spectroscopy electronic paramagnetic resonance. The oxidation the 400 24 h kineti...

In many animals, individual legs can either function independently, as in behaviors such as scratching or searching, or be used in coordinated patterns with other legs, as in walking or climbing. While the control of walking has been extensively investigated, the mechanisms mediating the behavioral choice to activate individual legs independently are poorly understood. We examined this issue in...

Order-disorder phase transitions induced by thermal annealing have been studied in the ordered-vacancy compound ZnGa2Se4 by means of Raman scattering and optical absorption measurements. The partially disordered as-grown sample with tetragonal defect stannite (DS) structure and I4¯2m space group has been subjected to controlled heating and cooling cycles. In situ Raman scattering measurements c...

The reaction of 1,4-diaminobutane with hydroiodic acid in the presence of iodine yields the title compound 1,4-diazaniumbutane tetraiodide, C4H14N2I4 (1). The title compound has been structurally characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic methods (Raman and IR). 1 is built up by centrosymmetric 1,4-diazaniumbutane cations in all-trans conformation and linear I4 anions. Both, cations an...

We prepared two monoclonal antibodies-A-I30 and A-I4 to HDL apo A-I-with the ultimate goals of expressing and overproducing the valuable immunodiagnostic single chain Fv by phage display libraries in E, coli. Monoclonal antibodies were produced by immunizing mice with apolipoprotein A-I, and purified from ascitic fluid by affinity chromatography on a Protein A Sepharose CL-4B column. The specif...

The structure of marialite (Me6) from Badakhshan, Afghanistan and meionite (Me93) from Mt. Vesuvius, Italy was obtained using synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD) data and Rietveld structure refinements. Their structure was refined in space groups I4/m and P42/n, and similar results were obtained. The Me6 sample has a formula Ca0.24Na3.37K0.24[Al3.16Si8.84O24]Cl0.84(CO3...