Dynamic change at the marine-terminating margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet may be initiated by the ocean, particularly where subglacial runoff drives vigorous ice-marginal plumes and rapid submarine melting. Here we model submarine melt-driven undercutting of tidewater glacier termini, simulating a process which is key to understanding ice-ocean coupling. Where runoff emerges from broad subgla...

Arctic organisms are adapted to the strong seasonality of environmental forcing. A small timing mismatch between biological processes and the environment could potentially have significant consequences for the entire food web. Climate warming causes shrinking ice coverage and earlier ice retreat in the Arctic, which is likely to change the timing of primary production. In this study, we test pr...

The formation of ice particles in the Earth’s atmosphere strongly affects the properties of clouds and their impact on climate. Despite the importance of ice formation in determining the properties of clouds, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) was unable to assess the impact of atmospheric ice formation in their most recent report because our basic knowledge is insuffici...

The formation of ice particles in the Earth's atmosphere strongly affects the properties of clouds and their impact on climate. Despite the importance of ice formation in determining the properties of clouds, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) was unable to assess the impact of atmospheric ice formation in their most recent report because our basic knowledge is insuffici...

background; pollution of drinking water and ice is one of the most serious ways of water borne diseases spread. the purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial contamination of the ice produced by ice factories in bandar abbas. methods; in this descriptive ,cross-sectional study samples were collected from seven ice factories in bandar abbas. sampling was done by standard method.    ...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: shock temperature impact cratering melting water ice equation of state Melting of H 2 O ice during planetary impact events is a widespread phenomenon. On planetary surfaces, ice is often mixed with other materials; yet, at present, the partitioning of energy between the components of a shocked mixture is still an open question in the shock physics community. Know...

Collisions on icy planetary bodies produce impact melt water, redistribute ground ice, and deposit thermal energy available for chemical reactions. The amount of melt generated from an impact is sensitive to the initial temperature, which ranges from the 273 K on Earth and Mars to 40 K on the surface of Pluto. Previous shock wave studies, centered at ~263 K for terrestrial applications, had dif...

Weinvestigate the sensitivityof simulationsof the last glacial inception (LGI)with respect to initial (sizeof the Greenland ice sheet) and surface (state of ocean/vegetation) conditions and two different CO2 reconstructions. Utilizing the CLIMBER-2 Earth systemmodel, we obtain the following results: (a) ice-sheet expansion in North America at the end of the Eemian can be reduced or even complet...

1Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, PO Box 60 12 03, Potsdam, Germany. 2Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. 3British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK. 4Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. *e-mail: [email protected] Floating ice shelves, which fringe ...

[1] During winter the ocean surface in polar regions freezes over to form sea ice. In the summer the upper layers of sea ice and snow melts producing meltwater that accumulates in Arctic melt ponds on the surface of sea ice. An accurate estimate of the fraction of the sea ice surface covered in melt ponds is essential for a realistic estimate of the albedo for global climate models. We present ...