OBJECTIVE The study aimed to determine the type of professional and non professional work of community pharmacists in Surabaya Indonesia and find the difference between time spent for performing both works in actual (current) situation and ideal (expected) situation. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted by combining purposive sampling for selecting the community pharmacists. Afterwar...

The shortage of pediatricians has been identified as one of the largest social problems in Japan. This study aimed to compare the assumed ideal nighttime working conditions of pediatric hospitalists in Japan with the actual current situation. By using available data on the age-related numbers of pediatricians in Japan, we described the ideal working conditions for pediatric hospitalists in Japa...

Agents interacting in a dynamically changing spatial environment often need to access the same spatial resources. A typical example is given by moving vehicles that meet at an intersection in a street network. In such situations right-of-way rules regulate the actions the vehicles involved may perform. For this application scenario we show how the Golog framework for reasoning about action and ...

Article history: Available online 3 April 2010

The effectiveness of socio-technical approaches, such as the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), to structure problematic situations is dependent on the candid communication of participants. This paper reports a pilot study using SSM to explore the challenges of establishing the Ideal Speech Situation in order to gain an understanding of the contradictory perceptions of graffiti. Through exploring ...