objectives: to implement goal-directed subsidies policy in framework of the its law is being seriously followed by state. implementing this policy as it has been defined in the law could be a deep surgery of economy with big negative consequences both in demand and supply sides if its theoretical foundation is wrong. hence, this paper aims to evaluate the theoretical sufficiency of neoclassical...

From May, a new clause [2] will be slipped in to all government grant agreements, preventing public funding from being used to lobby the government. While the clause is aimed at quangos, it will also affect charities [3], and crucially academic research [4]. As David Nutt puts it in yesterday's Guardian [5], this move is an attempt to "limit scientific outputs to those that support its policies".

Understanding the policy cycle, as well as scrutinizing the text of hidden and obvious policies and rules, requires a model of discourse analysis based on which discursive ap-proaches of policy makers are understood and estimated. However, when it comes to presenting a policy model, we have to use the views of policy theorists to see how a problem as a "public goods" can be found in the policy ...

the policy of vaccinating children who live with leprosy patients, and who have responses to leprosin a of2rnrn or less, with bcg+killed mycobacterium vaccae if they lack a bcg scar, or with killed m. vaccae alone if they have a bcg scar, has been followed over 3-4 years in two centers in iran. judged on the basis of skin test conversion to leprosin positivity, the policy has been highly succes...

Today scientists are producing large volumes of data that they wish to explore and visualize. In this paper we describe a system that combines range-based queries with fast lookup to allow a scientist to quickly and efficiently ask “what if?” questions. Unique to our system is the ability to perform “cumulative queries” that work on both an intraand inter-time step basis. The results of such qu...