Research about antibody specificity spectra was conducted to develop single-specific antibodies or broad-specific antibodies. Aflatoxins, as one class of high-toxicity mycotoxins, were selected as the research targets to investigate the effect of the immunogen dose on antibody specificity spectra. For this aim, 16 monoclonal antibodies were induced by low or high doses of aflatoxin B₁-BSA, and ...

VRC01-class broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies protect animals from experimental infection and could contribute to an effective vaccine response. Their predicted germline forms (gl) bind Env inefficiently, which may explain why they are not elicited by HIV-1 Env-immunization. Here we show that an optimized Env immunogen can engage multiple glVRC01-class antibodies. Furthermore, this immunoge...

COVER Model of a candidate HIV vaccine prime immunogen (center) engaging germline B cell receptors (bottom) to initiate an antibody immune response. The immunogen is a virus-like nanoparticle, ~30 nanometers in diameter, displaying 60 copies of an HIV gp120 outer domain protein engineered to bind germline precursors of specifi c broadly neutralizing antibodies. This work has promising implicati...

This paper presents a uniied systematic framework of dynamic controller synthesis for systems described by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model. The control laws are in the form of so-called parallel distributed compensation (PDC) introduced by the authors. This paper provides two results. First, we introduce the notion of dynamic PDC compensators and provide a set of suf-cient LMI conditions for the exis...

The outer-domain core of gp120 may serve as a better HIV vaccine immunogen than the full-length gp120 because of its greater stability and immunogenicity. In our previous report, we introduced two disulfide bonds to the outer-domain core of gp120 to fix its conformation into a CD4-bound state, which resulted in a significant increase in its immunogenicity when compared to the wild-type outer-do...

Using multiple murine foster-nursing protocols, thereby eliminating placental transfer and allowing a distinction between dam- and pup-derived cells, we show that foster nursing by an immunized dam results in development of CD8(+) T cells in nonimmunized foster pups that are specific for Ags against which the foster dam was immunized (Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Candida albicans). We have dub...

We have previously demonstrated that immunization with the inactivated Francisella tularensis, a Category A intracellular mucosal pathogen, combined with IgG2a anti-F. tularensis monoclonal antibody (Ab), enhances protection against subsequent F. tularensis challenge. To understand the mechanism(s) involved, we examined the binding, internalization, presentation, and in vivo trafficking of inac...

Structurally distinct nicotine immunogens can elicit independent antibody responses against nicotine when administered concurrently. Co-administering different nicotine immunogens together as a multivalent vaccine could be a useful way to generate higher antibody levels than with monovalent vaccines alone. The immunogenicity and additivity of monovalent and bivalent nicotine vaccines was studie...

Merozoite surface protein 1 is a candidate for blood-stage vaccines against malaria parasites. We report here an immunization study of Saimiri monkeys with a yeast-expressed recombinant protein containing the C terminus of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 1 and two T-helper epitopes of tetanus toxin (yP2P30Pv20019), formulated in aluminum hydroxide (alum) and block copolymer P1005. Mo...