The JAK/STAT pathway is an attractive target for breast cancer therapy due to its frequent activation, and clinical trials evaluating JAK inhibitors (JAKi) in advanced breast cancer are ongoing. Using patient biopsies and preclinical models of breast cancer, we demonstrate that the JAK/STAT pathway is active in metastasis. Unexpectedly, blocking the pathway with JAKi enhances the metastatic bur...

The immune system is a remarkably developed defense system inside vertebrates which guards against attacking factors. It is capable of producing diverse molecules and cells able to distinguish and reduce unlimited changes from external and unwanted agents. Modulation of the immune system refers to some alteration in the immune response which includes stimulation, amplification, expression or in...

Medicinal and edible mushrooms have been widely used for centuries as nutraceuticals to improve health and to treat numerous diseases. Several species of mushrooms such as Lentinula edodes, Schizophyllum commune, Ganoderma lucidum and Coriolus versicolor have been used as immunostimulators and anticancer agents. Mushroom polysaccharides, as the main active ingredient in the mushroom, belong to ...

Host immunity is essential in facilitating the eradication of infection. However, immunological recovery and an imbalance characterised by either suboptimum or excessive expression of immune responses can also be harmful to the host. Inflammatory responses triggered by rapid resolution of immunosuppression can lead to a series of localised and systemic reactions, termed immune reconstitution sy...

BACKGROUND Lately, more and more preparation of various cocktails or mixtures of bioactive modulators have been introduced. Their true activity is, however, rarely tested. AIM To compare six commercially available, glucan-based immunostimulators. METHODS Immunological effects of tested combinations were measured by evaluation of phagocytosis of synthetic particles by peripheral blood neutro...

Background. Lately, more and more preparation of various cocktails or mixtures of bioactive modulators have been introduced. Their true activity is, however, rarely tested. Aim. To compare six commercially available, glucan-based immunostimulators. Methods. Immunological effects of tested combinations were measured by evaluation of phagocytosis of synthetic particles by peripheral blood neutrop...

Rapalogs such as rapamycin (sirolimus), everolimus, temserolimus, and deforolimus are indicated for the treatment of some malignancies. Rapamycin is the most effective cancer-preventive agent currently known, at least in mice, dramatically delaying carcinogenesis in both normal and cancer-prone murine strains. In addition, rapamycin and everolimus decrease the risk of cancer in patients receivi...

Water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from the rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum and fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography were investigated to determine their structure and immunostimulating activity. Crude and fractions (F1 and F2) consisted of carbohydrates (85.1~88.3%) with proteins (4.51~11.9%) and uronic acid (1.79~7.47%), and included different levels of mannose (62.3~76.3%), gl...