background and objectives : haemorrhagic septicaemia (hs), caused by pasteurella multocida, is the most important bacterial disease of cattle and buffaloes in india. oil adjuvant vaccine (oav) is the most potent vaccine available for the control of hs. the study aims to evaluate the effect of alum co-adjuvantation of oav on emulsion stability and immune response. materials and methods : two dif...

The performance of selected oil adjuvants containing Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus was assayed by testing antibody levels elicited in cattle, sheep and goats, and by testing protection of cattle on challenge. Various oil adjuvant formulations were tested initially in cattle and guinea pigs, and compared with a standard alhydrogel and saponin-based ...

The present study was conducted to prepare oil emulsified (OE) infectious bronchitis (IB) experimental vaccines. The vaccines were prepared using the vaccinal strain H-120 Infectious Bonchitis virus (IBV). The virus was cultivated in 9-day old embryonated eggs via allantoic cavity route. Allantoicamniotic fluid (AAF) was collected and inactivated with formalin @ 0.12%. Water in oil emulsion was...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS), caused by Pasteurella multocida, is the most important bacterial disease of cattle and buffaloes in India. Oil adjuvant vaccine (OAV) is the most potent vaccine available for the control of HS. The study aims to evaluate the effect of alum co-adjuvantation of OAV on emulsion stability and immune response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two diffe...

A stable oil emulsion rabies vaccine with a low viscosity was composed by a formula previously employed for Newcastle disease vaccine. Cattle developed high and sustained antibody levels, and guinea pigs were found to be solidly immune after a single injection of this vaccine. Antibody responses in cattle to 2 oil emulsion ephemeral fever vaccines were not satisfactory after a single injection,...

BACKGROUND Antigen sparing and cross-protective immunity are regarded as crucial in pandemic influenza vaccine development. Both targets can be achieved by adjuvantation strategy to elicit a robust and broadened immune response. We assessed the immunogenicity of an inactivated H5N1 whole-virion vaccine (A/Vietnam/1194/2004 NIBRG-14, clade 1) formulated with emulsified nanoparticles and investig...

BACKGROUND The main target groups for influenza vaccination are the elderly, the chronically ill, infants, and toddlers. Influenza vaccines are needed that suit the immunological particularities of each of these age and risk groups. Recent years have seen the approval of influenza vaccines that are more immunogenic than before, but whose use in Germany is limited by the restriction of reimburse...